摘要: | 本研究針對蘭科石斛屬(Dendrobium)和開唇蘭(金線連)屬(Anoectochilus)植物之基原、化學成分及藥理活性等項考察,確認了石斛和金線連在植物學上的分類和地位,整理了相關的研究,作為從事石斛和金線連化學成分與藥理活性研究之參考。 延續本研究室對於臺灣蘭科植物的成分與藥理活性之探討,本論文共完成三種蘭科植物-石斛、連珠石斛和臺灣金線連的成分分析,及體外活性測試,茲分別敘述於後: 石斛(Dendrobium moniliforme SWARTZ)成分研究之結果為:由石斛莖部正己烷粗抽物分離得到十四個化合物,包含heptacosane (1),octacosanyl hexadecanoate (2),methyl and ethyl linolenates (3),4-methoxybenzaldehyde (4), alkyl trans-ferulates (5),pheophytin a (6),alkyl 4''-hydroxy-cis-cinnamates (7),alkyl 4''-hydroxy-trans-cinnamates (8),stigmast-4-en-3-one (9),phytosterols (10),denbinobin (11),vanillin (12),linoleic acid (13)和heptatriaconsanoic acid (14);由石斛莖部乙酸乙酯粗抽物分離得到十一個化合物,包含alkyl trans-ferulates (5),alkyl 4''-hydroxy-cis-cinnamates (7),alkyl 4''-hydroxy-trans-cinnamates (8),denbinobin (11),aliphatic acids (14),alkyl hexadecanoates (15),alkyl acetates (16),dengibsin (17),moniliquinone (18),moniliformol (19)和diethyl glycol (20);由石斛根部正己烷粗抽物分離得到六個化合物,包含alkyl trans-ferulates (5),phytosterols (10),denbinobin (11),aliphatic acids (14),ergosterol (21),ergosterol peroxide (22)。以上化合物之中,18和19為新化合物,而2,12,13,15,16,17和20為石斛屬植物首次分離得到的化合物。 連珠石斛(Dendrobium nakaharai SCHLECHTER)成分研究結果:由連珠石斛正己烷粗抽物分離得到十七個化合物,包含alkyl trans-ferulates (5),pheophytin a (6),stigmast-4-en-3-one (9),phytosterols (10),linoleic acid (13),aliphatic acids (14),ergosterol (21),trans-β-carotene (23),2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyphenanthrene (24),nakaharain (25),aliphatic alcohols (26),nakaquinone (27),2,5-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (28),confusarin (29),nudol (30),bulbophyllanthrin (31)和nakaharaiquinone (32);由連珠石斛乙酸乙酯粗抽物分離得到十個化合物,包含alkyl trans-ferulates (5),alkyl 4''-hydroxy-cis-cinnamates (7),alkyl 4''-hydroxy-trans-cinnamates (8),protocatechuic acid (33),nakaharain (25),2,5-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (28),uracil (34),nakaharoside A (35),nakaharoside B (36)和vitexin (37)。以上化合物之中,25,27,32,35和36為新化合物,而 23,24,28,31,33,34 和 37為石斛屬植物首次分離得到的化合物。 臺灣金線連(Anoectochilus formosanus HAYATA)成分研究結果:由臺灣金線連正己烷粗抽物分離得到六個化合物,包含pheophytin a (6),linoleic acid (13),trans-β-carotene (23),2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (38),4-vinylphenol (39)和lutein (40);由臺灣金線連乙酸乙酯粗抽物分離得到五個化合物,包含pheophytin a (6),phytosterols (10),uracil (34),pheophytin b (41)和anoectolide A (42);由臺灣金線連甲醇粗抽物分離得到四個化合物,包含phytosterols (10),anoectolide A (42),anoectolide B (43)和ethyl β-D-glucopyranoside (44)。以上化合物之中,42和43為新化合物,而6,13,23,34,38,39,40,41和44為開唇屬蘭植物首次分離得到的化合物。 在抗發炎及抗過敏試驗方面,連珠石斛和臺灣金線連的粗抽物對於fMLP引發嗜中性白血球釋放β-glucuronidase和lysozyme的體外試驗和compound 48/80引發肥滿細胞釋放β-glucuronidase和histamine的體外試驗均有顯著的抑制作用。此外,對11個化合物進行抗發炎和抗過敏活性試驗: 1. 石斛分離純化的化合物:4對嗜中性白血球釋放超氧自由基所造成的發炎,可能有抑制作用;11有好的中樞和周 邊抗發炎及抗過敏活性;12對嗜中性白血球的抗發炎可能有活性。 2. 連珠石斛分離純化的化合物:新化合物25抗發炎及抗過敏活性不佳;28對嗜中性白血球的抗發炎有不錯的活性 ;33,34和37對嗜中性白血球所引發的發炎可能有抑制效果。 3. 臺灣金線連分離純化的化合物:6,13和23可能具有對嗜中性白血球和周邊的抗發炎活性。 此外,其它化合物的抗發炎和抗過敏活性試驗仍在進行中。; This study was first based on the investigations and literature survey of plant origin, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Dendrobium genus and Anoectochilus genus. We could understand the plant taxonomy and position of Shi-Hu and Kinsenren. This research provided some information for chemical and pharmacological studies of Shi-Hu and Kinsenren. In the course of our studies on the constituents and pharmacolo- gical activity of Taiwanese Orchidaceae plants, this study carried out the chemical analysis and in vitro bioactivity tests of three species of Orchidaceae plants-Dendrobium moniliforme SWARTZ, Dendrobium nakaharai SCHLECHTER and Anoectochilus formosanus HAYATA. Studies on the constituents of D. moniliforme resulted in the isolation of fourteen compounds from n-hexane extract of stems, including heptacosane (1), octacosanyl hexadecanoate (2), methyl and ethyl linolenates (3), 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (4), alkyl trans-ferulates (5), pheophytin a (6), alkyl 4''-hydroxy-cis-cinnamates (7), alkyl 4''-hydroxy-trans-cinnamates (8), stigmast-4-en-3-one (9), phytosterols (10), denbinobin (11), vanillin (12 |