| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討安養機構老人執行身體活動的情形，及規律身體活動的相關因素。以立意取樣，自台中縣市四所公、私立經政府立案之安養機構，共取得156位符合收案條件之老人。研究工具為結構性問卷，包括基本屬性問卷、七日身體活動回憶法、健康狀況問卷、老人憂鬱量表、身體活動自我效能量表及機構環境特質問卷等六部分。研究資料以SPSS Window 12.0中文套裝軟體進行描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關係數及逐步複迴歸分析。
研究結果顯示，在身體活動量方面，平日能量消耗為32.31卡/每公斤/每日（標準差1.71），平日消耗總能量為1909卡/每日（標準差237.83）。老人身體活動量，會因其進住機構前有否規律身體活動及性別之不同，而有顯著差異。此外，身體活動與自覺健康狀況、日常生活活動功能及身體活動自我效能呈正相關，與慢性病罹患數、症狀干擾數及憂鬱呈負相關。
運用逐步複迴歸法分析身體活動的最佳預測因子，結果顯示，老人的「自覺健康狀況」、「進入機構前是否有規律身體活動習慣」、「日常生活活動功能」、「身體活動自我效能」，可以預測身體活動，共可解釋25.2％的變異量。本研究結果可供機構照護人員，於規劃促進老人身體活動之相關措施時的參考，以提供有效照護。
The purposes of this study were to explore physical activity behaviors and related factors of the elderly living in care institutions. A correlational research design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from 156 elders living in four public or private care institutions located in the Taichung area. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and scales, including a demographic data sheet, Health Status Questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale short-form, the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall, Physical Activity Self-Efficacy scale, and Environmental Property Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS/windows 12.0 statistical software. The statistical methods included descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.
The results showed that 46.8 percent of the elderly engaged in physical activity regularly. With regards to the quantity of physical activity of the elderly, the average energy expenditure was 32.31 kcal/kg/day (SD=1.71), and the average total daily energy expenditure was 1909 kcal/day (SD=237.83). Previous physical activity habits and gender had significant impacts on physical activity. Physical activity was positively correlated with perceived health status, functions of activities of daily living, and physical activity self-efficacy. Physical activity was negatively correlated with the number of chronic diseases, the number of symptom interference, and depression. Stepwise multiple regression showed that perceived health status, previous physical activity habits, functions of activities of daily living, and physical activity self-efficacy together explained 25.2% of the variance of regular physical activity. The results of this study can provide institutional personnel the information for developing care plans to promote elderly residents’ participation in regular physical activity. |
