婦女國籍、壓力與健康狀態之關係研究; A Study on the Associations of Nationality and Stress with Health Status in Women

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题名:	婦女國籍、壓力與健康狀態之關係研究;A Study on the Associations of Nationality and Stress with Health Status in Women
作者:	王婉靜;Wan-Ching Wang
贡献者:	中國醫藥大學：環境醫學研究所碩士班
关键词:	新移民女性;發展遲緩;健康狀態;Immigrants women;Developmental delay;Health status
日期:	2009-06-30
上传时间:	2009-08-11 16:56:45 (UTC+8)
摘要:	目的：本研究為比較新移民女性和本籍女性配偶的健康狀況是否有所差異，且探討影響婦女健康相關因素，並比較兩族群女性在這些因素上之異同。方法：本研究採橫斷式的研究設計(cross-sectional study design)，研究對象採立意取樣方式自南投縣某鄉戶籍登記出生系統內，選取自90年10月1日至97年9月30日出生之嬰兒即本研究期間0至6歲嬰幼兒之母親為研究對象，招募前來參加社區健檢活動並進行問卷的訪視工作，研究期間為97年11月至98年1月止。剔除不完整資料的樣本，共獲得有效樣本82人，其中新移民女性43人，本籍女性39人。結果：新移民女性的健康狀態顯著較本籍女性佳；其中以中國及女性最佳。然而這個差異在考慮與先生年齡差距、婦女個人收入、子女中男女數、婦女一般病史、是否有子女具發展遲緩問題、知覺壓力等因素後不同國籍的顯著差異消失了，而子女中男女數、有子女具發展遲緩問題和婦女知覺壓力等變項才是顯著影響婦女身心健康結果的因素。這些因素對婦女健康結果變異量可解釋41.1％(Adj R2 =41.1%，P=0.000)。影響新移民女性健康之主要因素和本籍婦女相同的即是婦女知覺的壓力，即知覺壓力越大，婦女自覺的身心健康狀態越差(b 值分別為-4.53 和-8.50，p=0.012 和p<0.001)。結論：新移民女性平均而言較本籍女性雖有較佳的健康狀態，然而在檢驗子女是否具發展問題和婦女知覺壓力的因素對健康狀態的影響後，不同國籍婦女的健康狀態並未有真正的差異。研究結果顯示不論任何國籍，育有子女的婦女健康受到壓力和子女發展問題影響甚鉅，尤其是婦女知覺的生活壓力，因此未來對於促進育有學齡前兒童之婦女健康的相關政策上，應強化壓力調適服務和社會支持的措施。 Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the correlates of health status of immigrant women in comparison with native counterparts. Method: We conducted a questionnaire survey on the health status of the married women with children aged 0-6 years, who lived in a township of Nantou County in middle Taiwan. The information collected by trained interviewers administering face-to-face interviewers with women, when they participated in health examinations provided by the local health center from Nov. 2008 to Jan. 2009. With the obtainment of informed consents, the subjects consisted of 43 native and 39 immigrant women. The Short Form-36 Scale was used to measure health status and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the final results. Result: We found immigrant women were on average healthier than their native counterparts (P=0.003) and the healthiest ones were from China. The significance of this difference disappeared when other possible correlates of health status were considered. These correlates included the age gap with their husbands, income, the numbers of male to female children, with/without diagnosed diseases, children with/without developmental delay and their perceived stress. Our final results showed that women with more numbers of girls than boys, with children having developmental delay and with higher perceived stress had worse health status. For native women, the significant correlate was perceived stress but for immigrant women the correlates, in addition to perceived stress, also included the more female than male children numbers of boys to girls. Conclusion: The social and psychological factors of more female children than male, children with developmental delay and perceived stress affected women’s health status for those with pre-school children no matter whether they were native born or immigrant. These findings suggest that the social education on sexual equality in the public and the efforts on more comprehensive support systems for women with children of developmental delays are in need.
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