The primary goal of problem-based learning (PBL) is to inspire learners’ independent thinking abilities and problem solving skills. PBL motivates students to come out with active and constructive learning activities. Another pedagogy, collaborative learning, increases interactions among learners through working collaboratively and cooperatively inside a group. During a problem-solving process, learners share information and achievements, discuss and express opinions as well as learn from each other. With collaborative learning, not only that the goal of individual students will be achieved, learning efficiency of each individual and the overall achievement of the group will also be promoted. In this research, the pedagogy of problem-based learning will be applied to collaborative e-learning. It is hoped that incorporating features of collaborative e-learning will enhance the learning efficiency under PBL approach. The objectives of this research are as follows: 1. Investigate theories relating to collaborative learning and problem-based learning. This research employs constructivist approach and the theory of situated learning. 2. Under problem-based learning, use a collaborative mobile-based e-learning system to investigate the impact of collaborative learning on learning achievement of learners. 3. Under problem-based learning, use a collaborative mobile e-learning system to investigate the impact of collaborative learning on interactions among learners. 4. Based on constructivist and situated learning approach, survey positive influencing factors that affect learners by using a collaborative mobile-based e-learning system. 5. Investigate whether a collaborative mobile-based e-learning system will effectively enhance knowledge perceived from learning materials or not. 6. Based on virtual reality, build a collaborative mobile-based e-learning system and investigate the positive influencing that affect learners.
