| 摘要: | 目的: 本研究透過中部科學園區周邊居民室內外環境揮發性有機物（Volatile organic compounds；簡稱VOCs）濃度之測量，釐清中部科學園區產值、氣候及交通流量對VOCs濃度之影響，以及評估園區周邊居民環境VOCs暴露及潛在健康風險。
方法：本研究選取中部科學園區周邊十點作為室外採樣點，其中五點為交通採樣點，另外五點為社區採樣點；並且選取5個鄰近社區9個家戶作為室內採樣點。本研究根據美國環保署公告的不鏽鋼筒採樣及分析方法（TO-14），於中部科學園區周邊室內外環境每季進行24小時採樣，並且以氣相層析質譜儀進行定性與定量之分析。本研究透過問卷收集周邊居民室內外活動時間資訊及相關的室內環境因子，並且利用多變項線性迴歸模式分析產值、氣候及交通流量對室外VOCs濃度、以及室外VOCs濃度與室內環境因子對室內VOCs濃度之影響。本研究以慢性危害指數與致癌風險作為評估空氣污染物之非致癌性及致癌性健康風險指標。
結果：本研究發現每季室內環境總揮發性有機物（TVOC）及個別VOC平均濃度皆顯著高於室外環境。室內TVOC在春季平均濃度為最高（438.0?b107.7 mg/m3），冬季為最低（183.5?b25.6 mg/m3）；但室外TVOC在秋季平均濃度為最高（162.2?b10.1 mg/m3），冬季為最低（141.6?b33.0 mg/m3）。本研究發現乙醇(2.6-1026.9 mg/m3)、甲苯 (14.3-286.7 mg/m3)及丙酮 (17.1-224.4 mg/m3)為室內環境最主要的物質，同樣也是室外環境最主要的VOCs成分，分別為甲苯 (20.2-47.5 mg/m3)、乙醇(9.0-35.2 mg/m3)及丙酮（17.0-33.4 mg/m3）。本研究發現室外環境的TVOC、苯、甲苯、丙酮、丁酮及乙醇會隨著產能及總車流量增加而上升，但會隨著採樣點與廠房距離及風速增加而降低；而同樣的室內環境VOCs會隨著室外VOCs、室內添購新傢俱及吸煙行為增加而上升。中部科學園區周邊居民於2005-2006年室外環境暴露VOCs之慢性非致癌風險範圍為7.1×10-5~
4.3×10-1；致癌風險範圍為5.7×10-7~2.3×10-5。在考量室內外活動時間模式後，居民於2006年室內外環境暴露苯之致癌風險範圍為6.5×10-7~8.1×10-6。
結論：中部科學園區周邊居民於室內環境暴露VOCs濃度高於室外環境，主要成分為乙醇、甲苯以及丙酮。室外環境VOCs濃度顯著地受到產能、總車流量、採樣點與廠房距離及風速因子的影響；而室內環境VOCs濃度則受室外VOCs濃度、室內添購新傢俱及吸煙行為的影響。中科園區周邊居民室內外環境VOCs暴露之致癌風險高於一般可接受之風險程度（1×10-6）。本研究建議應持續長期監測VOCs濃度，並進一步評估對周邊居民可能造成的健康效應。
Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine concentrations of outdoor and indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs), to clarify the contribution of VOCs from productivity, meteorological factors and the traffic density, and to assess the potential health risk among residents living near the Central Taiwan Science Park (CTSP).
Methods: We conducted the outdoor sampling of VOCs at ten sites near the park, including five sites by the roadsides and five sites in the nearby communities. Indoor samples of VOCs were collected from nine houses located at five communities. We used the canisters to collect the 24-hour outdoor and indoor VOCs samples each season according to the TO-14 method. We also conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses using the GC/MS. A questionnaire was used to collect in rormation on residents’ time activities both outdoors and indoors and factors related to indoor environment. We used multiple linear regressions to measure the impacts of related factors on concentrations of outdoor and indoor VOCs. We assessed for residents the chronic hazard index (HIc) of non-carcinogenic VOCs and the cancer risk of carcinogenic VOCs.
Results: The average concentrations of total VOCs and individual VOCs monitored from the indoor samples were significantly higher than those from the outdoor seasonally. The indoor air samples had the highest mean total VOCs (438.0?b107.7 ug/m3) in spring and the lowest (183.5?b25.6 ug/m3) in winter. The outdoor air samples had the highest mean (162.2?b10.1 ug/m3) in autumn and the lowest one (141.6?b33.0 ug/m3) in winter. We found ethanol (2.6-1026.9 ug/m3), toluene (14.3-286.7 ug/m3), and acetone (17.1-224.4 ug/m3) were the three dominant components in the indoor air samples. These three VOCs were also the main pollutants in the outdoor air, with the toluene concentration ranged 20.2-47.5 ug/m3, ethanol 9.0-35.2 ug/m3, and acetone 17.0-33.4 ug/m3. Outdoor levels of total VOCs, benzene, toluene, acetone, MEK, and ethanol increased by the high-tech productivity and traffic density, but reduced by the distance from factories and the wind speed. The Indoor VOCs levels were associated with the outdoor VOCs levels, furniture age, and smoking. Residents who exposed to the outdoor VOCs had the HIc values ranged 7.1×10-5~4.3×10-1 and cancer risk values ranged 5.7×10-7~2.3×10-5 due to benzene exposure living near the CTSP in 2005-2006. Cancer risks estimated based on time-weight patterns for benzene exposure was 6.5×10-7~8.1×10-6 in 2006.
Conclusions: Residents living near this park exposed to higher levels of VOCs from indoor than from outdoor. Outdoor VOCs levels were significantly affected by the productivity, total traffic density, the distance from factories, and the wind speed. Indoor VOCs levels were significantly affected by the outdoor pollution, furniture age, and smoking. Residents have the estimated cancer risk above the general acceptable level (1×10-6) due to benzene exposure from the CTSP. This finding suggests that the long-term monitoring of VOCs and investigation on adverse health effects should be performed for these residents. |
