| 摘要: | 物質的閃火點是國內外物質安全資料表的重要安全資訊之一，但物質安全資料表所提供的資訊只適用於純物質或特定濃度的溶液，對於一些特殊混合溶液的閃火點資料一般則缺乏，而閃火點亦為描述液體火災爆炸的主要物理性質。部分互溶混合溶液常用於液-液相萃取程序。本研究提出雙成份部分互溶易燃性液體混合溶液之閃火點預測模式。並使用甲醇＋辛烷、甲醇＋2,2,4-三甲基戊烷、乙醇＋十四碳烷類、甲醇＋癸烷、丙酮＋癸烷及三成份的甲醇＋癸烷＋丙酮來作驗證。
本研究預測模式的推導以氣-液平衡（Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium, VLE）、液-液平衡（Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium, LLE）與勒沙特列定律為基本架構所發展出來的。實驗所用的儀器為德國Walter Herzog GmbH公司所製造的HFP 360 Pensky-Martens及HFP 362-Tag閃火點測式儀，標準測試方法為美國材料與測試協會的ASTM D93及ASTM D56。
研究結果顯示所提模式可以準確的預測雙成份部份互溶混合溶液的閃火點，包含在不互溶區域兩端點的閃火點也能夠準確的預測。研究成果可應用於評估現場火災爆炸危害及製程安全設計。
The flash point is one of the major safety data items specified in the typical material safety data sheet, but even those listed in a variety of MSDS sheet are, typically, only valid for a pure and specific compound composition. Flash point is also one of the major quantities used to characterize the fire and explosion hazard of liquids. The partially miscible mixtures are used in liquid-liquid extraction processes. This study presented a model for predicting the flash point of partially miscible of binary flammable solvent. The model was validated using the mixtures, methanol + octane, methanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, ethanol + tetradecane, methanol + decane, acetone + decane and methanol + decane + acetone,respectively.
In this study, the mathematical model was derived based on the theory of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium and the theory of Le Chatelier’s rule. The Flash Point Analyzer, HFP 360 Pensky-Martens and HFP 362-Tag, manufactured by Walter Herzog GmbH (Germany) were used to measure the flash point of liquid solutions. The Flash Point Analyzers are operated according to the standard test method, ASTM D93 and ASTM D56.
The results of this study revealed the model that predicts the flash point for binary partially-miscible mixtures of flammable solvent accurately and it including the flash point at the two margins of two liquid phases. These predictions could be applied to assess the fire and explosion hazard in real environment and safety designs for chemical processes. |
