中國醫藥大學機構典藏 China Medical University Repository, Taiwan:Item 310903500/660
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    題名: 台灣地區結核病流行趨勢與前瞻性分析抗結核藥物導致肝損傷之相關性研究
    作者: 楊敏慧;Min-Hui Yang
    貢獻者: 中國醫藥大學:環境醫學研究所碩士班
    關鍵詞: 結核病;全民健保局健保歸人檔;中華民國防癆協會;肝損傷;Tuberculosis;National Health Insurance;National Tuberculosis Association;liver injury
    日期: 2007-06-03
    上傳時間: 2009-08-11 16:56:39 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 結核病一直是台灣最嚴重的傳染疾病,民國89至93年期間,每年仍有將近一萬五千名的新發個案,是僅次於HIV排名第2的主要傳染病死因。雖然,在先進國家結核病人數已有下降或趨於穩定的趨勢,但在非洲、東南亞、西太平洋地區等,結核病的人數一直呈現上升的趨勢。目前,結核病的治癒率可達約82%,但第一線藥物有產生肝危害的風險,是治療過程中需要特別注意的一項重點。本研究以全民健保局健保歸人世代資料及中華民國防癆協會病歷資料分析結核病盛行、發生的趨勢以及肝炎病人用藥行為、用藥劑量,並探討肝損傷相關的危險因子。
    以1996年健保歸人世代168,977人追蹤至2003年,利用Poisson regression趨勢檢定分析結核病歷年盛行率、發生率,以Chi-square test分析不同性別、年齡別、地區別及人口密度別等變項的分布。經診斷為結核病後發生肝病者,以logistic regression分析比較性別、年齡別、用藥種類、共病症等勝算比。病歷資料以Chi-square test和independent t test分析發生肝損傷與未發生肝損傷者所服用的藥物種類與劑量的差異和比較各種危險因子的分布,再以logistic regression分析各危險因子對發生肝損傷的危險性。
    從健保檔分析結果顯示,結核病年盛行率自1996年的473人/十萬人逐年下降至2003年的 104人/十萬人 (p<0.0001),結核病的新診治之年發生率自1997年至2003年 (246人/十萬人 對 65人/十萬人,p<0.0001)也逐年的下降中。男性結核病發生率較女性高(146人/十萬人 對 108人/
    十萬人,p<0.0001)。多變項羅輯斯迴歸分析中,男性發生結核病危險是女性的1.3倍。與小於年齡30歲的民眾比較,結核病發生危險隨年齡層增加而增加,勝算比從30~39歲的2.45 (95% CI=2.08~2.89),增加到80歲以上12.7 (95% CI=10.3~15.8)。診斷為結核病後患有慢性非酒精性肝病經多變項羅輯斯迴歸分析,有服用isoniazid、pyrazinamide
    或rifampicin 和同時服用ethambutol、isoniazid產生非酒精性肝病的危險為1倍多,皆達顯著意義。
    從中華民國防癆協會病歷資料分析結果顯示,經治療後,肝損傷的發生率為17.7%,男性多於女性(20.4% 對 14.0%,p=0.19)但不顯著。經單變項邏輯斯迴歸分析,曾患有慢性肝病的患者,發生肝損傷的危險為11.0(95% CI=3.14~38.7)。發生肝損傷的病人有80.9%是服用HERZ組合性藥物,其中使用的藥物INH與PZA平均劑量皆顯著高於未發生肝損傷的病人。
    近年結核病發生率呈現下降的趨勢,男性結核病發生率較女性高,且年紀越大罹患結核病的危險也越高。結核病患服用的藥物如INH、PZA、RIF產生非酒精性肝病的危險也較高。

    Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with nearly 2 million deaths each year. In Taiwan, nearly 1.5 thousands new cases were diagnosed in 2000 to 2004. Previous studies revealed a potential hepatotoxic effect associated with medications among patients receiving TB treatment.
    This study used the 1996 cohort data of 168,977 persons obtained from the National Health Insurance program to investigate the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with TB medications. On the other hand, we also extracted information on medication for TB patients receiving treatment at the National Tuberculosis Association to investigate the effect of the treatment, including liver function, biochemical measures, characteristics of medications and the association with sociodemographic status.
    We analyzed the National Health Insurance cohort data from 1996 to 2003. The results showed that TB prevenlence and incidence were in decreasing trends. Males were at higher risk than women for hepatotoxic effect associated with the medication (OR=1.20, 95% CI=0.97-1.48), but not significant. Older populations were 1.9 to 2.2 times more likely than the younger patients to have liver injury from the treatment. The risk was higher for patients who received the medication of pyrazinamide (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.20-2.33), rifampicin (OR = 1.56, 95% CI=1.17-2.09), ethambutol+isoniazid (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.22-2.18) and rifampicin + isoniazid (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.02-1.80).
    The results obtained from the National Tuberculosis Association for 237 patients showed that the incidence of liver injury was 17.7%. Among patients with chronic liver disease, the combine medications of pyrazinamide, rifampicin, ethambutol and Isoniazid increased the risk for liver injury (OR=11.0, 95% CI=3.14-38.7).
    This study indicates that the incidence of TB is hgher in men than in women and the national insurance program has demonstrated the treatment effectiveness for the disease in Taiwan. The anti-TB medication may increase the risk of liver injury for TB patients. This risk is much greater for patients with chronic liver disease based on the study using the data of the National Tuberculosis Association.
    顯示於類別:[環境醫學研究所(已停用)] 博碩士論文

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