室內停車場多環芳香烴化合物與總揮發性有機化合物濃度調查研究

中國醫藥大學機構典藏 China Medical University Repository, Taiwan > 公共衛生學院 > 環境醫學研究所(已停用) > 博碩士論文 > Item 310903500/652

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題名:	室內停車場多環芳香烴化合物與總揮發性有機化合物濃度調查研究
作者:	王雅玲;Ya-Ling Wang
貢獻者:	中國醫藥大學：環境醫學研究所碩士班
關鍵詞:	室內停車場;多環芳香烴化合物;揮發性有機化合物;光電氣膠偵測器;有機溶劑連續偵測器;Indoor parking lot;PAHs;VOCs;PAS;ppbRAE
日期:	2007-07-02
上傳時間:	2009-08-11 16:56:35 (UTC+8)
摘要:	汽機車交通所排放廢氣為台灣都會地區空氣污染最主要的污染源，主要的污染物質包括懸浮微粒、揮發性有機化合物(VOCs)及多環芳香烴化合物(PAHs)，而台灣地區機動車使用密度高達566輛/每平方公里位居世界之冠，故在都會區域設置室內停車場就變得不可或缺，加上停車場大都設置於大樓的地下室或室內，汽機車所排放的污染物質遂無可避免的會累積在停車場中。目前我國室內空氣品質建議值只規定每小時總揮發性有機化合物(TVOCs) 平均值濃度為3 ppm，並未對人體具有致癌性及致突變性之多環芳香烴類(PAHs)濃度訂定相關管制標準，這對長期待在停車場工作員工會產生健康上的影響。本研究目的欲瞭解室內停車場相較於室外主要道路，汽車排放的廢氣中所含的TVOCs及pPAHs濃度現況，以及不同空間構造的室內停車場假日、非假日TVOCs及pPAHs濃度差異和車流量相關性。我們選取了兩處主要道路與三家密閉式、三家半開放式停車場於假日及非假日，使用即時(Real-Time)的光電氣膠偵測器(Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor, PAS)及攜帶式ppb有機溶劑連續偵測器(Parts per Billion VOC Monitor, ppbRAE)進行pPAHs與TVOCs濃度的監測，並輔以車流量的計數、通風量的量測。本研究結果發現室內密閉式停車場連續一週之pPAHs每日平均濃度範圍介於57.77±31.06~114.89±88.33 ngm-3明顯高於兩處主要道路1.64~2.87倍(19.43±22.06~70.14±64.4 ngm-3)及2.67~2.82倍(19.8±16.03~35.78±19.68 ngm-3)，顯示室內停車場的污染程度較室外嚴重。另假設密閉式停車場的室內環境與隧道相類似，且pPAHs濃度主要是由汽機車所貢獻，將pPAHs濃度換算成Benzo(a)pyrene可發現密閉式停車場的濃度值範圍高達2.70 ~5.38 ngm-3，與義大利空氣中有害物質容許濃度標準的1 ngm-3相較，高出2.7~5.38倍，而在三家半開放式與三家密閉式停車場假日與非假日幾何平均值濃度有統計上顯著性差異；另也發現主要道路與室內停車場假日與非假日平均TVOCs濃度值，以密閉式停車場為最高(1005.67±303.24、1164.55±289.30 ppb)，但尚未超過室內空氣品質建議值每小時3ppm的標準。此外，pPAHs、TVOCs與車流量濃度均呈現無顯著相關或弱相關，可能是分別與室內停車場極少有柴油車進出和空間體積有關。依據結果可發現室內停車場pPAHs、TVOCs濃度皆明顯高於主要道路，而室內停車場是停車場員工長期所待之處，其易暴露到汽機車所排放之廢氣中致癌性的pPAHs與TVOCs，因此相關單位有必要定期至室內停車場監測pPAHs與TVOCs的濃度變化，以維護停車場員工健康安全。 The vehicular traffic exhaust is the main pollution sources in urban region of Taiwan. The main pollutants included suspended particulate matter, VOCs, and PAHs. The vehicle use density reaches as high as 566 car/km2 to be situated crown of the world, therefore the parking lot establishment is becoming more important. The parking lot is mostly set up in basement or indoor, pollutants by vehicular traffic exhaust can accumulate at the parking lots unavoidable. The regulation proposing value of indoor air quality, only define the average TVOCs 3 ppm per hour, by no means right PAHs which has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties carries on controlling therefore parking lot attendants who long term stay in workplace health effective caused by vehicular traffic exhaust. The aim of this study is to compare the indoor parking lot with the roadway, in order to determine TVOCs and pPAHs concentration variation comes from vehicular traffic exhaust, as well as TVOCs and pPAHs concentration variation which are associated with traffic volume on weekend and weekday in different spatial structure parking lots. We have selected two central roadway with three enclosed types, three semi-open style parking lots. At the same time we use Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor (PAS) and portable Parts per Billion VOC Monitor ( ppbRAE ) to measure pPAHs and VOCs concentration respectively, Traffic volume and ventilation rate were also measured simultaneously . This study showed that the daily average concentrations of pPAHs for seven consecutive days were in the range 57.77±31.06~114.89±88.33 ngm-3. The concentration were higher than two outdoor environments for about 1.64~2.87 times (19.43±22.06~70.14±64.4 ngm-3) and 2.67~2.82 times(19.8±16.03~35.78±19.68 ngm-3) respectively. This implies that pollution level in indoor parking lot is more seriously than that of outdoor. Otherwise supposition enclosed type parking lot indoor environment is similar to tunnel, also the pPAHs concentration dominated by vehicular traffic exhausts, conversion the pPAHs concentration to the Benzo(a)pyrene which found enclosed type parking lot concentration as higher as 2.70 ~5.38 ngm-3, compares with air quality index of Italian 1 ngm-3 higher than 2.7~5.38 times. More over three semi-open style and three enclosed types parking lots on weekend and weekday which pPAHs geometry mean have significant. In respect of average TVOCs concentration in enclosed types parking lots on weekend and weekday that was found in the highest concentration (1005.67±303.24, 1164.55±289.30 ppb), but not yet above average TVOCs 3 ppm per hour of indoor air quality suggestion value. In addition, the relationship between pPAHs, TVOCs concentration and traffic volume observed in indoor parking lots were with low correlation. This may be due to low number of diesel vehicle and spatial volume difference. As results that found pPAHs, TVOCs concentration of indoor parking lots were higher than the roadway. The parking lot where the attendants stay for a long time, they easily exposure to carcinogenicity pPAHs and TVOCs comes from vehicular exhaust, therefore the relevant units to the government have to regularly monitor pPAHs and TVOCs concentration variation in the parking lots that ensure protecting the health of people working in the parking lot.
顯示於類別:	[環境醫學研究所(已停用)] 博碩士論文

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