| 摘要: | 研究目的 有許多研究探討噪音對人體所造成的健康效應，但是除了在噪音導致聽力損失上具有較一致的結果外，在其他健康效應上，如對於心血管系統危險因子的影響，則較沒有一致的結果。本研究目的主要為探討職業噪音暴露對於勞工在血壓、血糖及血脂肪的影響。
研究方法 本研究採回溯性世代研究設計，選取某航太工業工廠作為研究族群，取得該工廠民國87年以及民國94年所有勞工人員之健康檢查資料。我們將此兩年的資料依照工作環境噪音暴露情況進行造冊編號，選取兩次健檢皆工作於此工廠及工作環境噪音暴露情況相同者，作為本研究之研究對象。本研究測量受測者的血壓、血糖及血脂肪，並比較噪音暴露者與非噪音暴露者是否有所差異。另外，我們比較兩次不同時間的測量平均值來闡述噪音暴露與心血管疾病危險因子的關係。本研究以SPSS10.0版進行雙樣本t檢定、配對t檢定、卡方檢定及複迴歸分析。
研究結果 本研究共有男性勞工616名，其中噪音暴露者460人，非噪音暴露者156人。在不同的暴露情況下，膽固醇平均值變化達統計上顯著差異(暴露組:2.1 mg/dl ；非暴露組:-3.1 mg/dl，P=0.04)。另外，三酸甘油脂變化人數百分比亦達統計上顯著差異(暴露組:增加者53.9%，減少者45.6% ；非暴露組:增加者48.6%，減少者47.2%，P=0.006)。以複迴歸方法分析發現，心血管疾病危險因子和噪音暴露並無呈現顯著相關，但是使用聽力防護具和有運動習慣者會減低其危險值，而有抽煙習慣者會增加其危險值。
結論. 職業噪音暴露可能會影響膽固醇及三酸甘油脂的代謝，進而對於心血管疾病產生影響，但因本研究之追蹤只有七年，仍不足以看出其差異，其確實結果需日後更長遠的追蹤分析。
Objectives：The effect of noise on human health has been explored in many researches, however only hearing impairment has been consistently found, as other health effects, such as on cardiovascular risk factors, have produced inconsistent outcomes. The main purpose of this research is to explore the effects of occupational noise on blood pressures, blood sugar and blood cholesterol of laborers.
Methods：This research used the retrospective study design. An aerospace industry factory was selected as the study population and the health inspection data for all labors at the factory, from the years 1998 and 2005, were obtained. We arranged and numbered the data from these two years according to level of occupational noise exposure at work, in order to select research subjects whose duties and levels of occupational noise exposure were similar at both health inspections. The research measured each subject’s blood pressure, blood sugar and blood cholesterol, and compared those exposed and those not exposed to noise. Furthermore, we compared the measured average values from the two time-points to illustrate the relationship between noise exposure and cardiovascular risk factors. This research conducted two-sample t-test, paired t-test, Chi-square test and regression analysis with SPSS version 10.0.
Results：The research sample consisted of 616 male laborers, of which, 460 were exposed to noise while 156 were not. After different levels of exposure, the change in average cholesterol values was statistically significant (exposed: 2.1 mg/dl; non-exposed: -3.1 mg/dl; p = 0.04). Additionally, percentages of changes in triglyceride levels were also statistically significant (exposed: 53.9% increased and 45.6% decreased; non-exposed: 48.6% increase and 47.2% decrease; p = 0.006). It was discovered with regression analysis that cardiovascular risk factors and noise exposure were not significantly related, however, use of hearing-protectors and frequent exercise lowered the risks, while smokers were at increased risk.
Conclusion：Occupational noise exposure may affect cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism and in turn affect cardiovascular diseases, however since this research’s follow-up period was only 7 years, thus it was insufficient to observe the differences and longer follow-up periods will be required in future for more confirmatory results. |
