中部科學園區周邊居民空氣之揮發性有機物暴露及健康風險評估

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题名:	中部科學園區周邊居民空氣之揮發性有機物暴露及健康風險評估
作者:	林伸儒;Shen-Ju Lin
贡献者:	中國醫藥大學：環境醫學研究所碩士班
关键词:	中部科學工業園區;揮發性有機物;暴露評估;危害指數;致癌風險;Central Taiwan Science Park;Volatile Organic Compounds;Exposure Assessment;Hazard Index;Cancer Risk
日期:	2006-06-05
上传时间:	2009-08-11 16:56:21 (UTC+8)
摘要:	目的：透過中部科學工業園區周邊環境揮發性有機物（VOCs）之測量，釐清中部科學園區產能及周邊主要道路車流量對周邊環境VOCs濃度分佈影響，以及進行周邊居民現階段環境暴露及潛在健康風險之評估。方法：本研究以中部科學園區的四條聯外道路在園區外圍與其他道路之交接點作為VOCs交通來源的採樣點；並且根據ISC-ST3所模擬出的最大著地點、園區周界及周邊臨近社區作為設置環境採樣的參考點，根據美國環保署公告的不銹鋼筒採樣及分析方法(TO-14)，每季以不銹鋼筒進行交通點及環境點共10點的VOCs採樣，並且以氣相層析質譜儀進行定性與定量之分析。本研究以慢性危害指數與致癌風險作為評估非致癌性空氣污染物及致癌物質之健康風險指標。結果：本研究發現周邊居民之室外環境暴露之總揮發性有機物（TVOCs）平均濃度從春季（127±68 ppbv）至秋季（163±146 ppbv）有上升趨勢，而後冬季濃度驟降（49±28 ppbv），變化幅度最高達70％。在7種與工業源排放有關的VOCs中，乙醇及環己酮所測得的濃度在春季至冬季有逐季上升的趨勢；丙酮及異丙醇之濃度則發現春季至秋季明顯上升趨勢，但冬季下降；其餘3種VOCs則沒有發現相同地季節趨勢變化。與交通源排放有關的7種VOCs中，僅甲苯明顯在秋季有增高的趨勢。中部科學園區周邊居民室外暴露苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、甲基第三丁基醚及異丙醇之非致癌慢性健康風險(神經系統)界於0.27~1.07；可能之致癌健康風險範圍為2.0×10-5~8.3×10-4。結論：中部科學園區周邊居民在非致癌性健康風險評估之神經系統慢性危害，已超過可接受之風險程度；在致癌健康風險評估方面，風險值同樣也超過可接受之程度(1×10-6)。本研究建議後續研究應進行更精確的暴露評估及長期監測，以估算周邊居民實際暴露之健康風險。 Objectives：The aims of this study were to investigate the exposure of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), to clarify the contribution of volatile organic compounds from industries and traffic, and to perform health risk assessment on residents in the vicinity of Central Taiwan Science Park. Method：Four roads linked to outsides of this park were selected as five sites to measure the volatile organic compounds emitted from the traffic. Area with the estimated maximum concentration by ISC-ST3 model and adjacent to communities within 3 km of this park were determined as five eligible places to conduct the environmental sampling. Sampling and analysis method are followed TO-14 adopted by the U.S. EPA. We performed 12-hour air sampling by using 10 canisters seasonally. These samples were subject to qualitative and quantitative analyses by using the GC/MS. The chronic hazard index (HIc) and the cancer risk were used to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of volatile organic compounds for residents. Results：We found the average concentration of total VOCs increased from 127±68 ppbv in spring to 163±146 ppbv in autumn but decreased with 49±28 ppbv in winter dramatically. Among 7 VOCs related to industry emission, two of ethanol and cyclohexanone had the raising concentration from spring to winter. Acetone and isopropyl alcohol had the raising concentration observably from spring to autumn but reduced in winter. Other three had no consistent trend seasonally. In contrast, only the average concentration of toluene had the obvious increment compared to 7 VOCs related to traffic emission during the study period. We estimated that residents in the vicinity of Central Taiwan Science Park had the HIc for the neverous system between 0.27 to 1.07 by exposing to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, MTBE and IPA. Cancer risks of these residents were estimated at 2.0×10-5~8.3×10-4 by exposing to benzene. Conclusions：Residents in the vicinity of Central Taiwan Science Park have the unacceptable noncancer risk for the neverous system and have the estimated cancer risk above the acceptable level (1×10-6) before the operation of this park. We suggest that the precise exposure assessment and prolonged monitor should be performed to assess the potential non-cancer and cancer risk among these residents.
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