| 摘要: | 近年來，政府積極推動台灣地區高科技產業發展，其中在中部開發科學園區已有三年時間，由於台中科學工業園區(以下簡稱中科)已引進光電、半導體及精密機械等高科技產品，在製程中使用之各種重金屬元素或其化合物，排放後可能成為環境的污染源，散佈在一般環境中的空氣、水及土壤中，使附近居民經由各接觸途徑如食入、吸入及皮膚接觸，可能會造成其健康急性或慢性的影響，此問題正是社會大眾所關心重要的議題。
本研究的目的是利用空氣監測與生物偵測，以瞭解中科排放重金屬對附近居民的影響。共收集中科附近居民在94年有245位、96年有182位之問卷資料與尿液檢體，另選擇台中縣新社鄉79位居民當作為對照組。並檢測中科園區附近住家室內、外空氣中懸浮微粒之重金屬濃度，共計15次住家環境採樣和34名住戶民眾之尿液檢體。空氣與尿液樣品之重金屬分析皆以感應式偶合電漿質譜儀(ICP-MS)分析，偵測砷、鎘、鉻、銅、汞、鎳、鉛、硒及鋅九種重金屬，所有的分析過程皆在嚴格的品保品管下進行。
結果顯示在中科附近居民與對照組居民尿中重金屬除鎘與鉛元素外，其餘重金屬濃度皆有顯著性之差異(p<0.05)，若細分中科北區、南區與對照組，經校正性別、年齡、抽菸、二手菸暴露、住家臨近大馬路、使用空氣清淨機與拜香等干擾因子後，在居民尿中硒濃度在三個地區皆有顯著性差異，但鎘與銅元素皆無顯著差異。比較94年與96年中科附近居民尿液中九種重金屬濃度，除鎘與鉛兩重金屬未有顯著差異外，其餘重金屬濃度在中科開發前後皆有顯著性差異(p<0.05)，調整中科北區南區、性別、年齡、抽菸、二手菸暴露、住家臨近大馬路、使用空氣清淨機與拜香等因子後，除尿中鎳濃度改變為統計邊緣值(p=0.06)外，其餘結果皆與未調整前相同。在住家採樣方面僅有室內空氣中鎘與尿中鎘濃度有顯著性相關(r=0.521)，其餘重金屬濃度在空氣與尿中皆無顯著性相關。若以美國NHANES III之參考值為標準，將對照組為參考族群，計算96年中科北區、南區民眾尿中重金屬濃度之風險對比值，校正其他干擾因子後，顯示在尿中砷、鉻及鎳濃度，中科北區與南區顯著性大於對照組地區族群，其中，中科北區居民尿中砷超過參考值標準的風險為對照組3.4倍、南區為對照組2.6倍。
本研究已建立了中科附近居民尿液中重金屬基本背景資料，並將中科與其他非工業地區居民尿液中重金屬做分析比較，亦進一步探討中科開發前後附近居民尿液中重金屬濃度之差異，可作為未來中科園區工廠改善重金屬排放參考的依據。
In recent years, the government has promoted the Green Silicon Island Policy, and has been developing the Central Taiwan Science Park (CTSP) in Taichung for the past three years. The CTSP has already introduced some products, such as optoelectronics, semiconductors, and precision machinery. Various heavy metals and chemicals that are used in the production process and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere might cause pollution after dispersing into the general environment (air, water and soil). Exposure to these pollutants by the residents living in the vicinity of the CTSP may lead to acute or chronic adverse health effects through gastrointestinal, respiratory or skin absorption. This is a pressing health concern and therefore merits the establishment of pollutant level baseline data in order to determine future causal relationships regarding their health effects.
The objective of this study is to understand the impact of heavy metals on the residents living in the vicinity of the CTSP by air analysis and biological monitoring. The study participants consisted of 427 people residing in the vicinity of the CTSP (245 in 2005 and 182 in 2007) and a control group of 79 rural residents. The levels of indoor and outdoor heavy metals in 5 houses were analyzed and 34 urine samples were simultaneously collected from the members of the five households. All samples are analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The elements included arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, selenium and zinc. All analyses were performed under strict quality control procedures.
Using multivariate regression, the concentration of arsenic, chromium, mercury, selenium and zinc in the urine of residents living in the vicinity of the CTSP in 2007 were significantly higher than residents living in the vicinity of the CTSP in 2005 and the control group. Of the heavy metals found in the household environments, only cadmium in the indoor air and urine correlated significantly (r=0.52)
Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the urinary levels of arsenic, chromium and nickel exceeded the USA NHANES III reference for residents in the vicinity of the CTSP in 2007. The urinary arsenic levels of the subjects living in the northern and southern vicinities of the CTSP had odds ratios 3.4 times (95% confidence interval, 1.2-8.9) and 2.6 times (95% CI, 1.2-5.6) higher, respectively, than those of the control group. The background (reference) data of heavy metals in residents’ urine near the CTSP had already been established. The concentrations of arsenic, chromium, mercury, selenium and zinc found in the urine of residents living in the vicinity of the CTSP in 2007 were higher than both those found in the control group and the CTSP group that was analyzed in 2005. These results may be related to heavy metal emissions from the CTSP, however other sources of heavy metals in the vicinity of the CTSP cannot be ruled out. |
