垂直臭氧濃度分布監測及評估

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Title:	垂直臭氧濃度分布監測及評估
Authors:	陳柏佐;Po-Tso Chen
Contributors:	中國醫藥大學：環境醫學研究所
Keywords:	臭氧;繫留汽球;被動式採樣器;假日;南投;ozone;tethered balloon;passive sampler;weekend;Nantou
Date:	2008-06-27
Issue Date:	2009-08-11 16:56:16 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	臭氧(O3)可由移動性污染源中之氮氧化物(NOX)與非甲烷碳氫化合物(NMHC)經由日光的照射形成，臭氧污染加劇會使人體造成呼吸性傷害，同時損害植物及金屬物質。由環保署一般空品測站資料收集，發現近五年懸浮微粒污染事件日有漸漸降低趨勢，相對地近五年臭氧污染事件日有增加現象。且以民國90至民國93台灣中部行政區PSI值比較，南投縣境內事件日發生次數高於其他中部縣市，事件日由臭氧造成比例也年年升高。另外，近年南投縣在積極開發觀光與建設國道下，吸引大批觀光客，提升地方經濟繁榮，但是由縣內一般測站歷年臭氧濃度變化可知，臭氧濃度有明顯上升趨勢，因此本研究將探討南投地區影響臭氧濃度變化之來源。一般研究多以地面數據分析呈現，為了更加了解在整個大氣中臭氧濃度變化情形，除了收集地面資料，在本研究特別加入垂直採樣，運用繫留汽球的技術，選取南投地區具有獨立無連峰特色之集集大山，搭配液態被動式捕集器，進行不同山坡高度與探空採樣實驗，再分析了解臭氧污染物濃度的變化。同時採用探空量測系統，以繫留之方式搭配測風感測器，進行地面到大氣的垂直剖面上之壓力、溫度、相對溼度、風向及風速之分佈量測。除了了解臭氧在大氣變異情形，並進行在假日及非假日臭氧濃度變化探討。經採樣分析後，本研究發現南投地區臭氧濃度隨大氣不同海拔高度有所變化，在四次採樣期間，皆發現在海拔1200m-1400m處臭氧濃度轉折點，分別在假日達60ppb以上，在非假日達40ppb以上。另外，進一步選取採樣之海拔高度、臭氧濃度與絕對溼度值，判斷其之間相關性。除了發現絕對溼度隨海拔高度增加有減少的趨勢，海拔高度與絕對溼度呈高度相關，另外臭氧濃度與絕對溼度呈低度相關，由此可知臭氧濃度受到溼度影響不明顯。且假日臭氧濃度明顯高於非假日臭氧濃度，從2007黃教授研究指出假日交通量大於非假日，於是推論交通帶來的污染促使臭氧濃度升高。另外，在事件日採樣期間，大氣出現逆溫型態，故大氣條件的變化與臭氧濃度變化有關。 Ozone is a secondary air pollutant produced from photochemical air pollutants such as NOx and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC). It can not only cause adverse respiratory effects for humans but also damage plants and metalic meterials. Taiwan EPA (Environmental Protection Administration) air quality data show that ozone concentration has increased in recent years. The PSI data of 2000-2004 in Mid-Taiwan showed that ozone played an increased important role in local air quality, especially in Nantou county. Furthermore, the Nantou government has continuously developed tours business to boost the local economy. As a result, the traffic has increased in the country and air quality has become worse. This study investigated the variations of ozone concentration in Nantou county. Previous ozone studies in Taiwan used the EPA air-quality monitor data only for the ground levels. This study assessed the ozone distributions in the atmospheric environment including both ground level monitoring data and vertical sampling data. Using the tethered balloon technique, ozone sampling was collected using liquid passive samplers (LiPS) installed at different height above the ground level. Ozone concentrations in the air samples collected at different altitudes were determined after controlling the weather parameters including pressure, vertical temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and wind speed through the meteorological sounding system at Chi-Chi mountain, a discrete mountain remote from other hills, in Nantou. The ozone concentrations related to traffic influence both in the weekdays and weekends were the focus of this study. Results of LiPS data showed that the ozone concentrations varied by the vertical altitudes in this Nantou Mountain. Two major findings included: First, the ozone concentration was the highest at the altitude of 1200-1400 meter during the sampling period, with the ozone concentrations on weekdays of greater than 60ppb on weekends, and greater than 40ppb on weekdays. Second, there was lowly correlation between the ozone concentration and the absolute humidity. Based on the previous studies, the traffic density is heavier on the weekends than on weekdays in Nantou county. The local traffic density is an explanation parallel to the higher ozone concentration observed in Nantou on weekends. However the occurs of temperature inversion also had a significant effect on ozone concentrations appeared from the assessment of both ground level and vertical dimensions.
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