| 摘要: | 背景：為維護室內空氣品質以保障民眾健康，歐洲、美洲、大洋洲、亞洲之國家陸續制定了相關法規或指引提供當地民眾有所依循，我國亦於民國 100年11月23日發布室內空氣品質管理法，強制各公共場所之管理者遵守，以維護良好的室內空氣品質，保障民眾的健康。
目的：本研究解析公共場所污染物濃度之差異，並比較國內外室內空氣污染物之規範標準，以評估室內空氣污染物在地區及季節性之差異。
方法：本研究收集臺中市政府及臺南市政府環境保護局在2014-2018年各類場所室內空氣品質監測資料，包括二氧化碳、一氧化碳、甲醛、細菌、PM10及PM2.5共六種指標污染物。我們使用SAS 9.4版統計套裝軟體分析不同組間是否有顯著差異，並且以多變項線性迴歸分析不同地區與季節性之差異性。
結果：本研究發現CO2濃度的平均濃度為695.21±187.40 ppm，並且在各個不同場所有顯著差異(p<0.05)，有4.3%場所超過法定標準值。臺中地區的CO2平均濃度遠高於臺南地區，並且夏季濃度顯著高於春季(p<0.05)。CO的平均濃度為1.13±0.85 ppm，在各個不同場所有顯著差異(p<0.05)。CO與PM10呈現低度相關性(P=0.03，r=0.24)，並且冬季濃度顯著高於春季 (p<0.05)。HCHO的平均濃度為0.04±0.02 ppm，在各個不同場所有顯著差異(p<0.05)，有3.7%場所超過法定標準值，且冬季濃度顯著高於春季(p<0.05)。細菌的平均濃度為643.03±499.65 CFU/m3，在各個不同場所有顯著差異(p<0.05)，有5%場所超過法定標準值，並且夏季細菌濃度顯著高於春季(p<0.05)。PM10的平均濃度為26.77±21.89 μg/m3，在各個不同場所有顯著差異(p<0.05)，且有1.4%場所超過法定標準值。PM2.5的平均濃度為14.73±10.43 μg/m3，有3.2%場所超過法定標準值，且春季濃度顯著高於夏季(p<0.05)。
結論：本研究發現國內各類場所之CO2、CO、甲醛、細菌、PM10濃度具有顯著差異，臺中地區測量到的室內CO2濃度平均高於臺南地區，並且CO2、細菌、CO、HCHO及PM2.5濃度有明顯季節性差異。
Background:
In order to maintain the indoor air quality which to protect the public health, countries in Europe, America, Oceania and Asia have successively formulated relevant laws or guidelines to be followed by local people. Taiwan also issued the indoor air quality management on November 23, 2011. The law enforces the managers in public places comply with maintaining good indoor air quality.
Objective:
This study analyzed the differences of pollutant concentrations at different public places and compared the normative standards of indoor air pollutants between different countries and assessing the regional and seasonal variations at indoor levels of air pollutants.
Methods:
This study collected indoor air quality monitoring data of various places from Taichung and Tainan Environmental Protection Bureau during 2014-2018, including six pollutants of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, bacteria, PM10 and PM2.5. We used the SAS version 9.4 statistical software to investigate the differences of indoor concentrations between different public places and to compare the differences between different regions and seasonality by the multivariate linear regression.
Results:
This study found that the average concentration of CO2 was 695.21±187.40 ppm, and there were significant differences between public places (p<0.05). There was 4.3% of data exceeded the legal standard. The average concentration of CO2 measured in Taichung area was much higher than in Tainan, and the summer concentration was significantly higher than that in spring (p<0.05). The average concentration of CO was 1.13±0.85 ppm, with significant differences between public places (p<0.05). CO and PM10 showed a poor correlation (P=0.03, r=0.24), and the winter concentration was significantly higher than in spring (p<0.05). The average concentration of HCHO was 0.04±0.02 ppm, with significant differences between public places (p<0.05). About 3.7% of HCHO data exceeded the legal standard, and the concentration in winter was significantly higher than in spring (p<0.05). The average concentration of bacteria was 643.03±499.65 CFU/m3, and there were significant differences between public places (p<0.05). Appromixmately 5% of bacteria data exceeded the legal standard, and the bacterial concentration in summer was significantly higher than in spring (p<0.05). The average concentration of PM10 was 26.77±21.89 μg/m3, with significant differences between public places (p<0.05), and there was 1.4% of data above the legal standard. The average concentration of PM2.5 was 14.73±10.43 μg/m3, with 3.2% of data exceeding the legal standard. The concentration of PM2.5 in spring was significantly higher than that in summer (p<0.05).
Conclusion：
This study observed that the concentrations of CO2, CO, formaldehyde, bacteria and PM10 in public places were significantly different. The indoor CO2 concentration measured in Taichung is higher than that measured in Tainan. There were significant seasonal differences in concentrations of CO2, bacteria, CO, HCHO and PM2.5. |
