| 摘要: | 本文依照時序由唐代自清朝論述中獸醫藏象理論之內容，綜合歷史背景、文獻學方法來構築出藏象理論之發生背景，著重論述臟腑功能、特性以及與形體官竅之對應，並且與中醫學藏象理論進行比較。
中獸醫藏象理論在唐代建構出理論架構，以五行學說為根本、五臟作為藏象體系核心；元代則將理論架構補充完全，並論述臟腑功能、特性之細節；明代中獸醫藏象理論在臟腑功能、特性與中醫學藏象理論出現歧異，表現在對於脾胃功能之重視上。在明代以前主要論述馬之藏象理論，而在清代則開始出現牛之藏象理論，並且區分兩者臟腑功能、特性之異同，以及補充特有之藏象對應內容，此時期部份臟腑功能、特性已臻完備，惟仍有部分臟腑之稍顯不足，而顯示出不同物種之臟腑功能偏性，這些差異則與不同動物之五行屬性有關。
中獸醫藏象理論與中醫學藏象理論受到相同時空影響，以陰陽、五行學說作為理論架構。相異處則體現於特定臟腑功能、特性之上，以及臟腑間關係。這是古代獸醫師建構藏象理論之模式：先以陰陽、五行學做為理論架構，再尋找相似之模板進行套用，例如：以人之藏象理論作為馬之藏象理論模板，而後經由臨床觀察來修改成適用於馬之藏象理論。
The study discusses traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) visceral manifestation theory from Tang to Qing Dynasty, combines with historical background and philological methods to construct the story. Furthermore, the article focused on the functions and characteristics of each viscera and bowels, and corresponding orifice of sense organ. Finally, we compared the theory with the TCM.
The theory of Tang Dynasty merely constructed the fundamental theoretical framework, which used the five phase theory as the fundamental and the five viscera as the core. Yuan Dynasty expanded the structure of the theory, and had been discussing the detail of the functions and characteristics of viscera and bowels. The discrepancy between the viscera and bowels’s functions also appeared in Ming Dynasty, which manifested itself in the importance of spleen and stomach functions. They focused on the visceral manifestation theory of the horse before Ming Dynasty. Qing Dynasty had began discussing the theory of the cattle, distinguished the viscera and bowels functions, and supplemented the special corresponding orifice of sense organ. Until Qing Dynasty, the theory has been almost completed, but there were some insufficient for partial viscera and bowels, which suggests the difference in different species is according to the five phases.
The TCVM and TCM theory were affected by the same space and time, therefore, they similarly used the yin-yang and five phase theory as the fundamental. The discrepancy is appearing in the function ,and the relations between the viscera and bowels. The method that veterinary constructed the theory by using the yin-yang and five phase theory as the fundamental, and found similar template to apply. For example, they used the theory of humen as the template of horse, and corrected to the applicable theory of horse by clinic. |
