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    题名: 台灣細懸浮微粒與人類季節性流感相關性之探討
    Ascertaining Association between Particulate Matter 2.5 and Human Seasonal Influenza in 11 Study Sites in Taiwan
    作者: 蘇浤傑;Hung-Chieh Su
    贡献者: 公共衛生學系碩士班
    关键词: 細懸浮微粒;流感;台灣;斯皮爾曼等級相關係數;Particulate Matter 2.5;Influenza;Taiwan;Spearman correlation;PM2.5
    日期: 2017-07-25
    上传时间: 2018-01-15 09:07:56 (UTC+8)
    出版者: 中國醫藥大學
    摘要: 背景:近年來,細懸浮微粒(PM2.5) 對於人類健康的影響逐漸受到關注與重視。過往的眾多實驗與研究當中,細懸浮微粒對於人類健康有顯著的相關性,其中包含了氣喘、肺纖維化,更甚者癌症的發生。此外,在台灣眾多城市中,年平均細懸浮微粒濃度遠高於世界衛生組織(WHO)建議之造成健康風險的最低濃度。細懸浮微粒的長期暴露之下,可能造成人類肺部嚴重的發炎反應、肺部上皮受損以及抵禦感染之能力下降。此外,流感病毒感染人類肺部之下,亦會引起肺部嚴重發炎反應,引發嚴重的症狀反應。因此,此實驗的主旨是建立在假設長期暴露於高濃度細懸浮微粒,所誘發之肺部發炎與上皮受損,將造成易於感染流感病毒,同時產生較為嚴重之症狀反應之下,探討台灣細懸浮微粒與人類季節性流感之關係,同時過往之研究多半侷限於單一國家之單一都市,因此,此實驗同時考慮同一個國家中城市間之不同以及各年齡群之間的關係。
    方法:我們總共挑選了11個鄉鎮市,作為研究區域,其中包含北台灣的三個縣市(基隆市、新北市、台北市),加上中南部台灣的四個縣市(彰化縣、雲林縣、嘉義縣市、屏東縣),其中包含不靠海的南投縣市,再加上台灣縣市改制之後,六都之中的五都(新北市、台北市、台中市、台南市、高雄市)。人類季節性流感資料則來自於台灣疾病管制署傳染病統計資料查詢系統,透過國際疾病分類代碼(ICD)第九版以及第十版,從2009至2015年間所收錄的每周流感門診病例。此外,來自台灣環保局的每小時細懸浮微粒濃度,則被轉換成每周累積濃度。最後透過斯皮爾曼等級相關係數 (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) 來探討季節性流感發生率與細懸浮微粒在不同研究區域與年齡族群間的關係。
    結果:從2009年至2015年間,中南部臺灣比起北台灣有較高的平均細懸浮微粒濃度。同時,在不分年齡的研究分組之下,每周流感發生率與細懸浮微粒濃度,在南臺灣的雲林、嘉義、高雄、屏東則有統計上顯著相關(p-value < 0.05)。此外,年齡分組分析之下,中南部的中壯年至老年人口,暴露於較高的細懸浮微粒濃度當中,並呈現細懸浮微粒會增加人類季節性流感的健康風險。
    結論:長期暴露於較高濃度的細懸浮微粒濃度之下,對於台灣的中壯年至老年族群,尤其是中南部台灣,可能增加人類季節性流感感染與健康危害的風險。
    Objective:

    Recently the impact of ambient fine particles, especially the particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), on human health has garnered much attention. Many studies have revealed positive association of PM2.5 with human health outcome, including asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and cancer. Furthermore, the annual PM2.5 concentration of most cities in Taiwan has been higher than the lowest concentration recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The long-term exposure to the ambient fine particles potentially causes more severe inflammation and pulmonary epithelium damage in human lung. This study aims to investigate the association between PM2.5 and human seasonal influenza in cities and counties in Taiwan under the hypothesis that higher exposure concentration is associated with severe lung inflammation and epithelial damage, subsequently humans infected by the influenza virus are likely to have more exacerbating response.

    Methodology:

    We choose 3 cities/counties from northern Taiwan and 4 cities/counties each from southern and central Taiwan, including Nantou which is the only land-based administrative region in Taiwan. Moreover, five of the six special municipalities in Taiwan are included in the 11 study sites. The weekly human seasonal influenza data from 2009-2015 are retrieved from National Infectious Disease Statistics System of the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The hourly PM2.5 data are retrieved from Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA). We convert the hourly PM2.5 data into weekly cumulative data in each city/county. Finally, we use Spearman correlation to ascertain the statistical association between influenza incidence rate and PM2.5 in different age groups.

    Result:

    The association between PM2.5 concentration and influenza incidence rate in all-age group is statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) in southern Taiwan, especially in Yunlin, Chiayi, Kaohsiung, and Pingtung. Moreover, the health risks of adult and the elderly groups seem to increase more significantly in association with regionally higher PM2.5 level in Taiwan.

    Conclusion:

    Long-term exposure to higher PM2.5 level may lead to more significant increase in human health risk for influenza in Taiwan, especially for the adults and the elderly in Taiwan.
    显示于类别:[公共衛生學系暨碩博班] 博碩士論文

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