| 摘要: | 《黃帝內經》為中醫基礎理論的源頭，其中時間醫學理論部份為其一大特色，而人體的生理病理變化是有其時間上的週期節律，掌握了這些變化的規律性，對於臨床的治病養生是大有助益的，然則不知生理焉知病理，所以本論文研究的重點是在「人體生理時間醫學」的部份。
研究《黃帝內經》的人體生理時間醫學，就會涉及到「時間」這個問題，而《黃帝內經》非一時一人一地之著作，當中所使用之曆法也非同一種，本論文首先針對《黃帝內經》中的曆法進行研究，並了解其對於計時單位的名稱與定義，
再依身為臨床中醫師的角度，將《黃帝內經》中主要關於人體生理學的部份，包括胚胎週期、日週期、月週期、季週期和年週期，進行研究整理分析，希望能增進《黃帝內經》所論述的人體生理時間醫學理論在臨床的實用性並呼應現代研究。
研究結果發現到，胚胎週期也屬月週期，古籍的?糪W年齡推估值及胚胎逐月發育生理特徵與現代醫學的論述頗相近，因此古人的逐月分經養胎法是有其實用價值；而月週期中人體的氣血變化和月相盈虧有關，臨床當注意月生無瀉而月滿無補的治則大法；日週期和季週期均與太陽的運行活動有相關，營衛氣的循行為日週期，每日的飲食、作息和活動時間均與營衛氣有很大關連，人體生病經常是由於營衛氣的運行受到阻遏，所以每日的治病養生應當從護顧營衛氣的運行開始，季週期分四時和五季，四時為春夏秋冬以應生長收藏，五季則多了脾主長夏，春夏養陽秋冬養陰為四時養生大法，針刺當注意四時人氣於身體部位的淺深不同。年週期主要論述包括有男女生理週期，此為腎氣的生理週期變化，與生育力最有相關，而十年週期則在探討人生百歲，每隔十年由少壯老已的生理變化。
Huangdi Neijing is the source of basic theory of Traditional Chinese medicine, in which chronomedicine theory is a major feature. The physiological and pathological changes in human body all have their own regular cyclic rhythm, by mastering the regularity of these changes, we can preserve and treat one’s health in clinic well. In this thesis for the doctorate, I focus on the study of physiological chronomedicine in Huangdi Neijing.
Firstly, I combined the the existing literature Classics with unearthed cultural relics in order to study the astronomical calendars of Huangdi Neijing, after realizing its timing unit and definition, then interpretated the physiological cyclic changes in Huangdi Neijing into six topics including embryonic cycle, daily cycle, monthly cycle, yearly cycle, seasonal cycle and male and female physiological cycle. In addition to promote the clinical usefulness of the theory of human physiological chronomedicine in Huangdi Neijing , hoping to respond to the call of modern research.
The results show that the embryonic cycle belongs to monthly cycle, the estimated gestational age and the physiological characteristics of embryonic monthly development in ancient books are quite similar to modern medicine, so the theory of monthly fetus nurture has it’s practicality in clinic. The changes of qi and blood in human body is related to lunar phase of the moon in monthly cycle, we should notice not to reinforce while full moon and not to reduce while wane. Daily cycle and seasonal cycle are related to the moving of the sun. The circulation of yin-wei qi belongs to daily cycle, daily diet, life style and activity time are related to the yin-wei qi. Because the obstructions of the circulation of yin-wei qi may cause diseases, we should take care of the circulation of yin-wei qi in daily life. Seasonal cycle includes four seasons and five seasons, the four seasons correspondence to generating, growing, harvesting and storing. The five seasons consists of four seasons and later summer. We should nurture yang in spring and summer, and nurture yin in autumn and winter. We should also pay attention to the acupuncture depth while taking an acupuncture treatment in different season. Yearly cycle discussed the physiological changes in human body during every ten years in the hundred years of life. Male and female physiological cycle is related to the physiological changes in kidney qi, and it’s all about eugenesis. |
