Omega-3多元不飽和脂肪酸在注意力缺陷過動症兒童的臨床表現與其認知能力中所扮演的角色

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Title:	Omega-3多元不飽和脂肪酸在注意力缺陷過動症兒童的臨床表現與其認知能力中所扮演的角色 The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in clinical manifestation and cognitive performance in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors:	黃雅婷;Ya-Ting Huang
Contributors:	神經科學與認知科學研究所碩士班
Keywords:	注意力缺陷過動症;Omega-3多元不飽和脂肪酸;必需脂肪酸缺乏;認知功能;ADHD;Omega-3 PUFA;Essential fatty acid deficit;Cognitive function
Date:	2013-07-30
Issue Date:	2016-01-08 15:23:32 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	中國醫藥大學
Abstract:	注意力缺陷過動症(以下簡稱ADHD)為現今最常見的兒童發展疾患，其病因眾說紛紜，多元不飽和脂肪酸缺失是其中之一的假設。研究證據逐漸顯露ADHD與飲食及生理狀態的omega-3多元不飽和脂肪酸(omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, 以下簡稱omega-3 PUFA)的量過低有關。這種低量的omega-3 PUFA被視為必需脂肪酸缺乏的表現，提供omega-3 PUFA的補充可以改善ADHD兒童的行為症狀，但對於他們認知缺損的療效結果仍不一致。我們徵召21位ADHD兒童及21位健康對照的同齡兒童並施以SNAP-IV評量表、學童飲食頻率量表、必需脂肪酸缺乏調查表、以及三個電腦化的認知測驗來探討omega-3 PUFA在各種病因中的角色。研究結果顯示ADHD兒童的必需脂肪酸缺乏症狀顯著高於對照組(t = 2.37, p = .024)，表示ADHD兒童有較嚴重的必需脂肪酸缺乏。我們也發現ADHD兒童對延宕有異常敏感的反應(延宕反應作業: t = -2.419, p = 0.02)，及時間知覺處理較差(按拍作業 : t = -3.323, p < .00)現象，但沒有發現這些認知功能缺陷與脂肪酸缺乏有關。ADHD兒童有必需脂肪酸缺乏症狀，且與其飲食型態沒有顯著相關，可推測omega-3 PUFA對於兒童的行為控制及大腦發展有其重要的角色。雖然其中的機轉仍未清楚，需要更進一步研究以找出脂肪酸代謝與機轉在ADHD中所扮演的角色。 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common developmental disorder in childhood and characterized by symptom of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The etiology of ADHD is multifactorial, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) deficiency is hypothesised to be one of those multiple factors. Emerging evidence was shown that ADHD may be associated with low omega-3 PUFA levels of diet and physical status, but the correlation was controversial. Lower PUFA status as an essential fatty acid (EFA) deficit has been related to ADHD symptoms. Omega-3 PUFA supplement could be beneficial for treatment of ADHD symptoms, but its effect for cognitive dysfunctions is still inconsistent. We recruited 21 children with ADHD and 21 healthy age-match children to investigate whether the role of omega-3 PUFAs in dietary intake and/or deficit is associated with ADHD symptom and its correlation of cognitive dysfunction in children. One scale about ADHD symptoms, two questionnaires for omega-3 PUFA, and three computerized cognition tasks were applied to all groups. In our study, children with ADHD had higher EFA deficit scores (t = 2.37, p = .024) when compared with normal control groups. ADHD children showed a significant difference in motivational deficit (Delay related time task: t = - 2.419, p = 0.02), and temporal processing (Tapping task : t = - 3.32, p < .00) when compared with control groups; however, there was no correlation observed between cognitive performance to ADHD symptoms and omega-3 PUFA deficit. In conclusion, our study revealed the EFA deficit status in ADHD children could be possible high risk factor with ADHD symptoms suggest the possible role of omega-3 PUFA in controlling the behavior and brain functions. These findings urge future studies to further investigate the metabolic role of omega-3 PUFA in the manifestation of ADHD symptoms.
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