| 摘要: | Boxing is an official sport at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the fast development of world-class high strength training and sport science has made a significant impact on scientific training. Boxing needs high cardio-respiratory function, speed, muscle strength, and anaerobic and intensive physical demands including weight control covering the grading of athlete∩s body weight and balancing physical ability and health. Sport training is important even for talented athletes. Weight cycling is a term used to describe rapid weight loss following self food limitation and/or dehydration. Both gradual (seasonal) and rapid (weekly) weight reduction cycles are used by athletes, and have been investigated for potential effects on nutrition and performance.1 These cycles are used in such sports as wrestling, judo, rowing, and boxing in order to make a weight category. Like the other of these sports, boxing needs repeated efforts and high-intensity physical strength. Only when the cardio-respiratory function, energy expenditure and blood lactate system of athletes are well controlled can they show their potential and maintain high performance.2 Overtraining syndrome, a neuroendocrine disorder, is characterized by poor performance in competition, inability to maintain training loads, persistent fatigue, reduced catecholamine excretion, frequent illness, disturbed sleep and alterations in mood state.3 Sport training is important even for talented athletes. Peaking or the ability of an athlete to have a peak performance during the tough competition or games of the year is also related to strength training. The determination of physiological variables such as the anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) through incremental exercise testing and the relevance of these variables to endurance performance is a major requirement for coaches and athletes.4 To maintain good performance throughout the competitive phase, this physiological base must be maintained.5 Bompa5 investigated boxing and martial arts, and found that a quick and powerful start of an offensive skill prevents an opponent from using an effective action. The elastic, reactive component of muscle is of vital importance for delivering quick action and powerful starts.
However, auricular acupuncture is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing the body∩s dysfunction by stimulation of definite points on the ear.6 The resultant amelioration of pain and illness is believed to be through the reticular formation and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.7 Current clinical and basic research has proved the efficacy of ear acupuncture mostly in the treatment of acute or chronic pain8-12 and anxiety-related disorders.13-15 Therefore, ear acupuncture is a technique similar to reflexology, and is speculated that it works because groups of pluripotent cells contain information from the whole organism and create regional organization centers representing different parts of the body, through the recruitment of more cortex cells dedicated to specific areas of the body.6 The resultant amelioration of pain and illness is believed to be due to the reticular formation and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.7 In the contemporary athletic world, nations strive to develop a competitive advantage in sports using various scientific methods to improve the performance of athletes. Designing methods to help athletes to outperform others and win the gold medals in international competitions is the goal for many researchers. From the scientific perspective, various elements including muscular strength, speed, power, muscular and cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, agility, balance and coordination were combined to constitute athletic ability. Among these elements, cardiopulmonary endurance is the absolute element for athletes in all types of sports. VO2max as a fundamental indicator for evaluating cardiovascular endurance is one of the critical elements for succeeding in endurance sports. Auricular stimulation also known as ear acupuncture is an internationally recognized medical method.16 Ear acupuncture was first proposed in 1957 by Nogier, who theorized that acupuncture points on the ear are shaped like an inverted embryo. In 1986, ZHANG Ying-qing described the bio-holographic theory with an ear acupuncture chart and the effects of ear acupuncture. These theories present how ear acupuncture enhances sporting abilities by lowering the heart rates of athletes at rest, decreasing oxygen intake, and expediting excretion of post-exercise blood lactic acids. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of auricular acupuncture and to develop effective methods to help boxing athletes recover quickly from major competition events. |
