| 摘要: | 目的：居家護理師在面對個案及家屬時，需依據文化差異給予適切性照護。因此，文化能力的培養是居家護理師必須面臨重要而嚴肅的課題。本研究目的為探討台灣地區居家護理師之生活、照顧經驗與文化能力之相關性，並分析居家護理師文化能力之影響因素。
方法：本研究為量化研究，以匿名自填式問卷方式收集資料。研究對象為通過國內核定居家護理師課程之居家護理師，並執業超過(含)半年以上者。採便利抽樣法，透過國內居家護理師研討會發放問卷，發出問卷264份，回收有效問卷195份，有效回收率73.86%。
結果：受訪者平均年齡38歲，居家護理平均年資6.3年。受訪者是否為主管、其配偶族群的不同及是否於在學或在職時期修習相關課程，其文化能力有顯著差異；受訪者年齡層為51至60歲者有較高之文化能力。此外，受訪者使用的語言種類越多，其文化能力也越高。以逐步複迴歸分析發現：居家護理師的年齡、會使用多種語言、母親族群別、工作總年資及修習過多元文化相關課程為重要的影響因素。
建議：可透過增加工作年資、修習多元文化相關領域課程、學習語言及接觸多元族群等方式，來增進居家護理師的文化能力。
Purpose: Facing cases and their families, home care nurses should offer competent care based on the cultural differences. Therefore, the cultivation of cultural competence is an important and serious issue encountered by home care nurses. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations between the life, caring experiences, and cultural competence of home care nurses in Taiwan. Moreover, the factors influencing their cultural competence were also analyzed.
Method: This study adopted a quantitative approach. An anonymous, self-completion questionnaire was distributed for data collection. The research participants were home care nurses certified by domestic home care nursing courses who had been in this practice for six months and above. The population was selected through convenience sampling, and the questionnaires were distributed in home care nursing seminars in Taiwan. A total of 264 questionnaires were distributed, and the returned effective questionnaires amounted to 195 surveys with an effective return rate of 73.86%.
Results: The respondents had an average age of 38, and their average tenure in the practice of home nursing was 6.3 years. The cultural competence showed significant differences between the respondents (whether they were supervisors, different spouse populations, and whether they had taken related courses during schools or on-the-job training). The respondents between 51 and 60 years of age demonstrated higher cultural competence. In addition, the number of languages spoken by the respondents was positively correlated to their cultural competence. The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the critical influencing factors included multilingual abilities, mother populations, tenure, and whether multicultural courses had been taken.
Suggestions: The cultural competence of home care nurses can be enhanced by increasing tenure, taking multicultural courses, learning languages, and getting in touch with diverse populations. |
