| 摘要: | 高科技產業之生產特性常使勞工須長時間於廠房內之密閉空間依據高度標準化規範作業。以光電業為例，除了機台長時間持續運轉以維持產能，為了避免產品遭受汙染，作業人員必須穿著氣密性高的無塵衣於無塵室內作業。另因製程不同，即使無塵室內已進行環境溫度與濕度控制，不同製程區域間之環境仍存有相當差異。如在薄膜電晶體基板、彩色濾光片光阻塗佈區皆設置黃光燈管，以避免光阻液的成像遭到一般日光燈干擾。然而光阻液成分含大量揮發性有機物質，易使作業人員感受異味。凡此諸端皆對廠房室內環境品質(IEQ)與對勞工之健康與生產力造成影響。本研究目的在瞭解光電業無塵室內作業員對IEQ之滿意度，以作為無塵室室內環境控制之參考依據。本研究於2013年11月及2014年1月在中部某薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器(TFT-LCD)製造廠進行；調查範圍包括同步進行之作業環境測定及IEQ滿意度評估。該TFT-LCD廠區依製程特徵可概分為7作業區塊。各區塊內之環境測定標的包括乾球與黑球溫度、濕度、風速、噪音、照度、有機溶劑蒸氣及二氧化碳濃度；IEQ滿意度評估則以級分式問卷調查作業人員對美學、噪音、照明、熱、通風與整體IEQ之滿意度。本研究共包含2次問卷調查，每次受訪對象為120人。研究結果顯示：1)多數作業人員對整體室內IEQ感到不滿意，且透過趨勢分析發現主要不滿來源為室內環境之噪音與通風；2)整體IEQ與美學、噪音、熱、通風之滿意度在負面感知出現時呈線性相關；3)調查對象對通風環境不滿意之高比例與作業現場之異味與因暴露產生昏沉感具關聯性，且有機溶劑蒸氣濃度在黃光作業區較高。若欲針對該TFT-LCD擬定IEQ改善措施，可考慮由噪音控制與增加現場換氣量著手。
The manufacturing processes involved in high-tech industries often require the workers to stay long hours in a confined environment and to perform by highly standardized protocols. In optoelectronic industry, the continuous operation of equipments in the fabrication facility to maximize work efficiency and the use of air-tight clothing in the clean room for contamination-free production of optoelectronic devices inevitably result in an increase of discomfort among the workers. An additional source of workers’ discomfort in the fabrication facility lies in the variation in the microclimate between areas of different manufacturing processes, even though the air temperature and humidity in these clean room-based areas are controlled to be consistent. For instance, in the areas where coating of photoresist for the thin-film transistor array and color filter took place, typically yellow light is employed to prevent the interference of normal white light with the image-forming of liquid photoresist in lamination. However, the significant release of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from liquid photoresist into the air presents a source of respiratory and ocular irritation to the workers in the clean room. All these examples suggest a potential impact of the optoelectronics-manufacturing processes to the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) at the worksite as well as to the workers’ health and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the subjective satisfaction of workers toward the IEQ in the clean room of a thin-film transistor (TFT) liquid-crystal display (LCD) manufacturing facility for the purpose of serving as a reference for improving the indoor environmental controls. This study was conducted in November, 2013, and January, 2014, in a TFT-LCD manufacturing facility located in central Taiwan, and the evaluation consisted of both the workplace monitoring and an IEQ satisfaction survey. The TFT-LCD facility was divided into seven areas in accordance to their manufacturing characteristics. In each area, the environmental monitoring included the measurement of air temperature, globe temperature, humidity, air speed, noise level, illuminance, VOC and carbon dioxide concentrations. The subjective satisfaction was surveyed using a questionnaire that ranked the workers’ perception toward the performance of the facility in aesthetics, noise, illumination, thermal condition, ventilation, and overall IEQ. The major findings of this study included: 1) a majority of workers were dissatisfied with the overall IEQ, and a trend analysis indicated noise and poor ventilation as the primary sources of dissatisfaction; 2) the vote of dissatisfaction toward overall IEQ was linearly correlated to those voted for aesthetics, noise, thermal performance, and ventilation; 3) the elevated dissatisfaction toward ventilation was correlated with the presence of odor and dust at a statistically significant level. To improve the IEQ in this TFT-LCD facility, strategies for reduction of noise and increase in fresh-air ventilation are needed. |
