| 摘要: | 米飯在減肥飲食中扮演的角色眾說紛紜，認為米飯含有較高澱粉，容易造成肥胖，但根據2005-2008年「國民營養健康狀況變遷調查」，無論男女其過胖之比率，皆有增加之趨勢，且和米飯攝取頻率呈反比，因此本研究擬探討米飯對減肥者在體位及相關指標之影響。以身體質量指數（BMI）≧ 30 kg/m2之60位受試者為對象，實驗組與對照組分別各30人。以12週減重課程介入，包括運動、心理及營養等，實驗組強調以米食為主之減重飲食原則。於第0及12週進行血液生化值、體位、24小時飲食回憶、SF-36及WHO生活品質問卷等資料收集。結果顯示：實驗組每週米飯攝取為9次高於對照組之每週8次，且無論實驗組或對照組在經十二週介入後體重、體脂肪重、身體質量指數、礦物質重、除脂重、全身肌肉重、基礎代謝率、總熱量需求、血壓、腹部肥胖率、腰圍、臀圍、內臟脂肪面積、內臟脂肪重、皮下脂肪重、左(右)手臂脂肪、左(右)腿脂肪、軀幹脂肪、左(右)腿肌肉、麩草醋酸轉胺?、麩丙酮酸轉胺?、熱量及蛋白質均顯著下降( p < 0.05)。體適能項目包括登階及柔軟度，兩組皆有顯著增加的情形( p< 0.05)。實驗組與對照組相比，在體重、BMI、蛋白質重、除脂重、全身肌肉重、基礎代謝率、總熱量需求、腹部肥胖率、白血球、血色素、麩草醋酸轉胺?、麩丙酮酸轉胺?、三酸甘油酯等皆達顯著改善( p < 0.05)。而實驗組之代謝症候群比例下降30%，對照組則下降13.4%。在WHO及SF-36生活品質問卷方面，實驗組及對照組在SF-36問卷，其一般健康（GH）、活力狀況（VT）皆顯著上升( p < 0.05)，而實驗組在WHO生活品質問卷之心理及生理構面亦具顯著上升( p < 0.05)。實驗組與對照組相比，在生活品質方面皆無顯著差異。因此，減重其間以低熱量飲食搭配米飯，並輔以運動，更有利於體重及相關指標改善。
There are many different views on the role of rice in the diets for body weight reduction. One such view is that rice has higher content of starch which easily leads to weight gain. According to the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan from 2005 to 2008 (NAHSIT 2005-2008), there was an increase in prevalence of obesity in both men and women while there was a decrease in frequency of rice intake. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of rice intake on obese adults. There were 60 subjects (with BMI≧30) who had rice intake frequency≧8 times on weekly basis who were assigned to two groups, 30 subjects in each experimental and control group. All subjects took part in a 12-week weight reduction program. The program included exercise, psychological and nutritional education. The nutritional education of experimental (treatment) group component emphasized the principle related to rice consumption in weight reduction. Measurements were taken at week o and 12, including hematology laboratory evaluations, and anthropometry (e.g., height, weight), 24-hour dietary recall, short-form 36 health survey, and the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life. After the 12 weeks treatment period, experimental (treatment) group’s subjects who had rice intake frequency ≧ 9 times higher than control group’s. And subjects. the subject’s intake of energy and protein and subject’s body weight, body fat mass, BMI, mineral, fat-free mass, muscle mass, BMR, total energy expenditure, blood pressure, abdominal [obesity], waistline, hips, visceral fat area, visceral fat weight, subcutaneous fat weight, left (right) arm fat, left (right) leg fat, trunk fat, left (right) leg [lean], GOT, and GPT all showed significant decrease in both groups. The physical fitness was enhanced which included step and fitness exercise in both groups. Besides, the loss of body weight, BMI, protein, fat free mass, muscle mass, BMR, total energy expenditure, [abdominal obesity], WBC, hemoglobin, GOT, GPT and TG in treatment group were significantly different from those of control group in 12 weeks. The total rate of metabolic syndromes for the treatment group improved 30% compared with the control group’s 13.4%. Moreover, general health and vitality quality of life showed significant difference after intervention in both groups. Mental and physical domain of the WHOQOL-BREF significantly increased in treatment groups. There was no significant difference in quality of life between experimental group and control group. Therefore, it would increase the effectiveness on weight loss and related indicators that giving moderate rice diet combined with exercise to those overweight and obese individuals. This study showed that low-energy diet with rice intake, in combination with exercise, was helpful for body weight improvement in overweight and obese individuals. |
