以徑路分析探討機構老人身體活動功能、憂鬱及社會支持對靈性安適狀態之影響

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Title:	以徑路分析探討機構老人身體活動功能、憂鬱及社會支持對靈性安適狀態之影響 Using Path Analysis to Examine the Effect of Physical Activity, Depression, Social Support on Spiritual Wellness among Institutional Older People
Authors:	朱瓊芳;Chu, Chiung-Fang
Contributors:	護理學系碩士班
Keywords:	徑路分析;身體活動功能;憂鬱;社會支持;靈性安適;機構老人;path analysis;physical activity;depression;social spport;spiritual wellness;older people
Date:	2012-02-01
Issue Date:	2012-08-31 16:41:06 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	中國醫藥大學
Abstract:	人口老化是世界各國面臨的重大挑戰，台灣六十五歲以上老人占總人口比例已達10.69％（內政部，2010）。靈性照顧對機構在提供老人照顧上是極為重要的議題，目前對影響靈性安適變項間因果關係的推論性研究仍缺乏。故本研究的目的以徑路分析檢測機構老人身體活動功能、憂鬱和社會支持與靈性安適各變項間的相關性及因果關係。本研究採橫斷式研究設計，以立意取樣選取中部176位長期照護的住民。研究過程以結構式問卷含巴氏量表、簡式老人憂鬱量表、個人資源量表及靈性安適量表進行訪談。結果顯示機構老人的身體活動功能、憂鬱、社會支持與靈性安適間兩兩變項達顯著中度相關性，且方向性符合研究假設。另於徑路分析上得知，機構老人的身體活動功能會直接影響社會支持；身體活動功能與社會支持會影響憂鬱狀態；身體活動功能、社會支持與憂鬱會影響靈性安適，共可解釋機構老人靈性安適30％的變異量。此外，社會支持在本研究中也發現為影響憂鬱及靈性安適的重要中介變項，身體活動功能可透過社會支持間接降低憂鬱和提升存在安適狀態。本研究結果有助於機構工作人員瞭解影響機構老人靈性安適的因素，並可作為日後提供靈性照顧措施之依據。 Aging of population is a major challenge worldwide. Taiwan announced that people over 65 years has reached up to 10.69% , and the ratio kept on increase. Spiritual care for older people is an important issue in the long-term care institutions. But in the previous studies, some variables affecting spriritual well-being among older people were not fully understood. The major purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationships between spiritual wellness and these variables including physical activity, depression and social support in institutional elders by path analysis. This is a cross-sectional study, and a total of 176 eligible older people in the middle of Taiwan were recruited. The structured questionnaires including Barthel index, Geriatric Depression Scale（GDS）, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List （ISEL）, and Spiritual Well-Being Scale （SWBS）were measured. The results showed moderate correlationships exsisteing between each other variables including institutions physical activity , depression, social support and spiritual well-being, and all correlations were in the expected direction. Besides, the results of path analysis were as folloewd: (1)physical activity had the positive impact on social support. (2)Both physical activity and social support had the negative impact on depression. (3)Physical activity、social support and depression explain 30% of the variance in spiritual well-being. Moreover social support were found as a mediator between depression and spiritual well-being. Increased physical activity can reduce depression and increase spirituality through social support. The study findings will help institutional staffs to understand the affecting factors of spiritual well-being in elderly, which is the basis of spiritual care in the context of care.
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