| 摘要: | 文旦（Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck）為台灣重要經濟果樹之一。本研究以SPME結合GC及GC-MS鑑定新鮮文旦葉、花及果皮之揮發性成分。實驗結果顯示文旦葉之主要揮發性成分為sabinene及cis-β-ocimene；文旦花主要揮發性成分為linalool；而文旦果皮則以limonene為主要成分。本研究鑑定文旦盛花時期之盛開花朵與花苞，及文旦花之六個部位其揮發性成分差異，發現花朵、花苞、花瓣及花蕊之主要成分皆為linalool，此四個樣品之香氣成分相近；花托、子房、花蕊及柱頭所鑑定出之主要成分相同，為β-pinene、limonene、trans-β-ocimene及(E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene。
本研究為了解新鮮樣品與加工後之差異，以水蒸氣蒸餾法萃取文旦之葉、花及果皮精油，其收率分別為0.50 ± 0.09 g/kg、0.86 ± 0.09 g/kg及19.90 ± 0.43 g/kg；以冷壓法萃取文旦果皮精油，收率為 7.93 ± 0.23 g/kg，並利用GC及GC-MS鑑定精油成分，結果顯示文旦葉精油主要成分為sabinene、β-pinene及trans-β-ocimene；文旦花精油主要成分為β-pinene、limonene及trans-β-ocimene；文旦果皮冷壓及水蒸氣蒸餾精油主要成分皆為β-pinene、myrcene及limonene。除此之外，本研究探討文旦精油對Staphylococcus aureus、Escherichia coli及Pseudomonas aeruginosa之抗菌能力，結果顯示，文旦葉精油之抑菌效果最佳；本實驗亦探討時間殺菌效力評估，發現精油之IC50濃度與殺菌時間並無直接關係。在抗氧化試驗上，結果顯示文旦葉精油之總酚含量最高，且清除DPPH自由基能力與螯合亞鐵離子之能力亦最佳，因此，深具研究開發之潛力。
Wentan pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) is one of the most important economic fruit trees in Taiwan. Volatile compounds of leaves, flowers, and peels of Wentan pomelo has been studied by solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC and GC-MS in this study. The major constituents in leaves were sabinene and cis-β-ocimene; the dominated compound in flowers was linalool, and the main constituent in peels was limonene. Wentan pomelo flowers were distinguished to flower and buds, and they were separated by hands into six parts to analys volatile compounds of each part. The major constituent of whole flowers, flower buds, petals, and stamens were linalool, and other volatile compounds of the four parts were similar. The main volatile constituents of receptacles, ovaries, styles, and stigmas were about the same, the major compounds were β-pinene, limonene, trans-β-ocimene and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene. In order to understand the differences between fresh samples and that after distillation, essential oils of Wentan leaves, flowers, and peels were obtained by steam distillation, yields were 0.50 ± 0.09 g•kg-1, 0.86 ± 0.09 g•kg-1 and 19.90 ± 0.43 g•kg-1, respectively. Cold-pressed peel essential oil yield was 7.93 ± 0.23 g•kg-1. The major component of Wentan pomelo leaf oil were sabinene, β-pinene and trans-β-ocimene ; the main component of wentan pomelo flower oil were β-pinene, limonene and trans-β-ocimene. The compounds of peel oil extracted from both cold pressed and steam distillation were limonene, β-pinene and myrcene. Essential oils were also testing their antioxidant activities using DPPH method. Wentan pomelo leaf oils showed containing a weak antioxidant and weak antimicrobial activities. |
