探討台灣近海沉積物之組成特徵與其生物地質意義

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Title:	探討台灣近海沉積物之組成特徵與其生物地質意義
Authors:	趙國評(Louis Kuoping Chao);呂英震;何振隆
Contributors:	藥學院藥用化妝品學系
Keywords:	seabed sediments;Bio-geology;Seabed microorganisms;Bioactivie substances;Biogeological database
Date:	2012-07-31
Issue Date:	2012-06-15 11:50:17 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	海底沉積物和海洋地殼是地球上最大的生態系統之一，生物將所產生的部分有機物透過沉降作用由表層向深海轉移，到達海底沉積物中，完成了碳的生物泵過程，海底深部生物圈細菌和古細菌的數量占了全球生物圈原核生物總數的70%，從這些沉積物中我們可以利用現代分子生物技術、微生物培養技術與精密分析儀器，透過生物標誌物與地質微生物種類的比對，不僅可以瞭解地質環境與微生物相互作用的機制，開發海洋微生物的在化學上和生物學上有意義的次級代謝產物，作為發展藥物或作為探討生命科學基礎研究的一種重要資源，同時也能建立生物地質系統生物學的資料庫。本計劃之目標預定以三年時間，為利用現代化地質微生物分析技術，進行包括海底沉積物取樣、海底沉積物鑑定、海底沉積物生物標誌物之組成份分析與結構鑑定、海底沉積物之微生物鑑定與培養、海底微生物二次代謝物活性成分進行抗發炎、抗菌、抗腫瘤分析鑑定，以及應用分子生物技術分析海底微生物之系統生物學，來探討台灣近海沉積物之生物地質意義。其主要計畫內容將包括光學顯微鏡與電子顯微鏡進行地質樣品之鑑定與分佈特徵，以氣相層析質譜儀分析地質樣品之霍烷與類固烷組成份與其它生物標誌物，並建立資料庫。同時將利用分子生物技術，對地質微生物之核酸序列分析與基因探針檢測，建立本土生物地質資料庫，並與其它資料庫比對，進而歸納建立台灣近海沉積物之生物地質之系統生物學。預計本計劃完成之後對於台灣近海沉積物之生物地質中的微生物 DNA 資訊及其環境意義，以及地質微生物學彼此之間之關連性將有重要貢獻，祈能瞭解台灣生物多樣性之變化與地球環境變化情形，對於海洋地質微生物資料庫之建立也將有明顯之助益。 Seabed sediments and oceanic crusts exist as some of the largest ecosystems on earth. Seabed sediments are also huge global organic carbon stores. In the undersea biosphere, microbial degradation and transformation of the carbon exert tremendous influence on the oceanic and global carbon cycle. Organisms utilize photosynthesis to transfer a portion of the organic substances formed from surface water to deep ocean through sedimentation and form seabed sediments and complete a bio-pumping process of relocating carbon from surface to bottom. In the deep sea biosphere, the bacteria and archaea there may represent 70% of all prokaryotic organisms. Thus by examining the sediments using modern molecular biological technologies, microbial culturing techniques, and precision instrumental analysis, and by comparing biomarkers and geological microbial types, we can discern not only the geological environments and mechanisms of their interactions with microbes, develop significant chemical and biological secondary metabolites from the oceanic microorganisms so as to provide a vital resource for pharmaceutical or fundamental research on life science; and also establish a biological database of the biogeological system. Therefore, we plan to apply modern geo-microorganism analysis technologies to carry out in 3-year a seabed sediment sampling, identification of the sediments, compositional analysis and structural identification of biomarkers from the seabed sediments, identification and culturing of the seabed microorganisms, isolation of secondary metabolites from these bio-agents and conduct anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor activity analysis, and using applied molecular biological techniques to analyze the systematic of the microorganisms in the nearby seabed sediments around Taiwan. The main contents of the study include optical microscopic and electron microscopic examination of the geological samples to identify and establish their distributional characteristics; using GC-MS to analyze the hopanoids and steranoids compositions and other biomarkers, as well as establish a database. In addition, molecular biological techniques will be applied to sequence the nucleic acid of the geo-microorganisms and gene probes investigation carried out. These entail a basis of the native bio-geological systematic. We expect that the completion of the study shall provide information on the DNA and their environmental significance to microorganisms in the nearby seas surrounding Taiwan, as well as significantly contribute to the interconnections among the geo-organisms studies. We hope that the study shall provide insights to the change in biodiversity in Taiwan and conditions of change in the global environments. The results shall also contribute to the establishment of oceanic geo-microbiological database.
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