中國醫藥大學機構典藏 China Medical University Repository, Taiwan:Item 310903500/32586
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    Title: 中耳電腦斷層影像半自動重建技術
    Semi-automated system for 3-D reconstruction of middle ear using MDCT
    Authors: 陳慧珊;Hui-San Chen
    Contributors: 醫學院臨床醫學研究所碩士班
    Keywords: 中耳;電腦斷層影像;影像重建;middle ear;image segmentation;three-dimension reconstruction
    Date: 2010
    Issue Date: 2010-09-29 12:16:53 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 中耳結構包含三小聽骨,內耳則由耳蝸及三半規管組成。三小聽骨將音波傳導至耳蝸,耳蝸是個複雜的聽覺器官。其治療方法為臨床的一大挑戰。測量其病變的方法除了聽力及其他理學檢查外,影像檢查則以電腦斷層(Computed Tomography, CT)為第一優先考慮。因此,此研究希望運用CT的影像經由工作站影像處理後,呈現臨床醫師一個立體的內耳解剖構造圖,以利決定治療方式。
    目前CT影像處理的過程非常繁複及費時,必須將每張影像的中、內耳輪廓手動畫出,電腦才有辦法辨識,不僅麻煩且容易產生誤差。如何能在短時間內自動繪製完整無誤的解剖圖,則是此次研究的重點。
    隨著電腦軟體的進步,將近二十年前就已有開始使用CT影像建立三維影像模型,不僅可用於開刀定位,術前及術後的評估,也可方便教學使用。三維影像模型也可同時應用在核磁共振影像及超音波影像,比對不同影像來增加影像可信度。隨著多切面電腦斷層(Multislice CT)的Z軸切面厚度減小,相對提高了影像解析度,其影像所重組的多切面重組影像Multiplanar reconstructions(MPR)對於電子耳的植入有準確的判斷力。可明確分辨出電子耳導線的走向及位置。虛擬導航CT提供模擬內視鏡的功能使臨床醫師有身歷其境的感覺,但其組像時間平均須花70分鐘。
    此研究目前利用十一位病患CT影像,將其中十位影像利用手動的方式,圈選出三小聽骨的邊界,紀錄下其x座標及y座標當訓練組(training set)。另一位的影像則當作參考組(reference set)。將訓練組的座標與參考組的座標做比對,但因每個人的解剖構造及掃描時的定位座標皆不同,所以必須先利用互相關(cross correlation)找出訓練組及參考組之間的相對關係。將兩組影像對上後,使用仿射轉換(affine transformation)找出影像放大、旋轉、位移參數後,定義出參考模型。參考模型定出後,則可套用至其他病患影像上,自動找出輪廓邊界。
    影像重建術的正確性及真實性眾說紛紜。對於平均大小只有5mm的中、內耳結構來說,影像解析度的高低則影響影像重建的好壞。CT為速度較快解析度較好的一種影像來源,故此研究以CT影像為主。並結合MATLAB強大的數學軟體建立一套自動繪製程式,幫助臨床醫師在狹小的空間內,能有立體三維空間的觀念,以利治療計畫的設計和術前、術後的評估。

    This study aims to use the three-dimensional computed tomography as a diagnostic tool for the preoperative evaluation of the pathology analysis of the middle and inner ear. Our goal is to setup an automatic computer-based system which is able to recognize the bone contours such as the temporal bone on the CT images, so that we can have a 3D view of the temporal bone before the operation is performed. The commercial products currently used in Radiology Department are unable to perform the image segmentation according to physician’s demand. Such images usually need to be manually corrected after primitive segmentation, and therefore result in time-consuming manual work. Moreover, the image result cannot be completely redone because of such manual works (intra-observer variation). Different segmentation results, depending on the physician’s judgment, have inter-observer variations. This study uses the image processing technique with embedded optimized automatic image segmentation of anatomic knowledge and 3D reconstruction process.
    Appears in Collections:[Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science] Theses & dissertations

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