| 摘要: | 歷來研究分析指出毛木耳具有鈣質、多酚及水溶性纖維素對於更年期婦女常見的問題如血脂異常、骨代謝異常及憂鬱症等可能有改善之效。有鑑於此，本研究旨在探討毛木耳萃取物（APE）對於卵巢切除之雌性大鼠在血脂調節和骨質代謝及類似憂鬱症動物模式行為表現影響。實驗分為兩部分，實驗一以雌性Sprauge Dawley大白鼠，經手術後分為五組，分別為S0組：經偽手術後每天給予一般飼料、V0組：經卵巢切除術後每天給予一般飼料、V1組：經卵巢切除術後每天給予0.125g APE /kg BW、V2組：經卵巢切除術後每天給予0.25g APE /kg BW、V3組：經卵巢切除術後每天給予0.5g APE /kg BW。實驗期間每週測量體重，為期四週，犧牲後採集血液及股骨組織進行分析。實驗二以雌性Sprauge Dawley大白鼠，經手術後分為四組，分別為X0組：經偽手術後每天給予一般飼料、A0組：卵巢切除後每天給予1.25g AP /kg BW、A1組：經卵巢切除後每天給予0.125g APE/kg BW、A2組：經卵巢切除後每天給予0.5g APE/kg BW。實驗期間每週測量體重，每個月採集血液檢體，為期十六週。犧牲前進行強迫游水試驗（forced swimming test, FST），犧牲後採集血液、腦組織及股骨組織進行分析。實驗一顯示，每天給予0.125g APE/kg BW即可降低血液中三酸甘油酯濃度，同時在骨組織切片結果中則證實飲食中添加毛木耳萃取物可顯著增加骨小樑密度，減緩骨質流失。在實驗二顯示，每天給予0.5g APE/kg BW十六週後可顯著降低血漿中膽固醇、三酸甘油酯及低密度脂蛋白濃度-膽固醇（p<0.05）。分析紅血球脂肪酸組成發現每天給予0.5g APE/kg BW可降低n-6/n-3脂肪酸比例（p<0.05）。在骨質代謝方面，每天給予0.5g APE/kg BW發現可顯著增加血漿中骨依賴鹼性磷酸酶濃度（bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, BAP）、蝕骨細胞抑制因子（osteoprotegerin, OPG）濃度及血鈣濃度（p<0.05），在骨組織切片計數結果顯示每天給予0.5g APE/kg BW使實驗動物維持較高的骨質密度（p<0.05）。在FST結果則發現每天給予0.5g APE/kg BW可顯著減少實驗動物immobility time，並且增加swimming time。經由實驗一可以確立實驗二所使用萃取物之劑量，而在實驗二比較萃取物及子實體之效應，結果指出直接食用子實體並無法達到與萃取物相同之效應。綜合以上結果顯示，長期給予卵巢切除大白鼠每公斤體重0.5g 以上之毛木耳水萃取物可以改善卵巢切除大白鼠之血脂代謝、骨質代謝及類似憂鬱症動物行為表現。
The mushroom Auricularia polytricha, belonging to heterobasidiae of basidiomyctes and also called Jew’s Ear, wood ear, red ear, black tree fungus or ear fungus, is frequently consumed as a food and a traditional herbal medicine in the Far East. Menopausal and post-menopausal women are known to have irregular blood lipid and bone metabolism as a result of estrogen deficiency. The purpose of this study was to examine blood lipid and bone metabolism and depressive-like behavior performance of Auricularia polytricha extracts（APE） on ovariectomized rats（OVX）. In first part, female Sprague Dawley rats were housed and divided into five groups after surgery（sham operation or ovariectomy；OVX）. A sham-operated groups fed on chow diet (S0 groups), OVX groups fed on the chow diet (V0 group), OVX groups fed on chow diet supplemented on 0.125 g/kg BW/d APE (V1 groups), OVX groups fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg BW/d APE (V2 groups), OVX groups fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.5g/kg BW/d APE (V3 groups). In the experimental period, the body weight was measured once a week. After 4 weeks of treatment, animals were sacrificed; blood samples and femur were collected immediately. In second part, female Sprague Dawley rats were housed and then divided into four groups after surgery（sham operation or OVX）; A sham-operated groups fed on the chow diet (X0 groups), OVX groups fed on chow diet supplemented with 1.25g/kg BW/d Auricularia polytricha crude powder（AP）(A0 groups), OVX rat fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.125g/kg BW/d APE (A1 groups), OVX rat fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.5g/kg BW/d APE (A2 groups). The body weight was measured once a week and blood was sampled once a month. After 16 weeks of treatment, forced swimming test was executed then animals were sacrificed; blood, femur and brain were sampled immediately. In first part of the experiment, 0.125g/kg BW/d APE can significantly lowered plasma triglyceride and increasing bone densities by histological evaluation. In second part , the results also proved that the 0.5g/kg BW/d APE significantly lowered the concentrations of plasma cholesterol、triglyceride and LDL-C（p<0.05）. Moreover , 0.5g/kg BW/d APE significantly decreased n-6/n-3 poly- unsaturated fatty acid （n-6/n-3 PUFA） ratio（A2 group, p<0.05）. In bone metabolism, the A2 groups significantly increased plasma bone-specific alkaline phosphatase（BAP）, osteoprotegerin（OPG） concentration and calcium concentration . In the data of femur sections with histological determination, animals consumed 0.5g/kg BW/d APE also maintained significantly higher bone densities. In the result of forced swimming test, A2 groups significantly decreased immobility time, and increased swimming time. In contrary, the crude powder of Auricularia polytricha didn’t improved blood lipid, bone metabolism, and the depressive-like behavior in the ovariectomized animals. In conclusion, the dosage of 0.5g/kg BW/d APE presents an effective improvement on blood lipid metabolism, bone metabolism and depressive-like activity in ovariectomized rats. |
