有機溶劑浸透化學防護手套之脫附與塑化劑危害研究

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Title:	有機溶劑浸透化學防護手套之脫附與塑化劑危害研究 Skin exposure to VOCs and plasticizers through chemical protective gloves
Authors:	魏仲瑩;Chung-Ying Wei
Contributors:	公共衛生學院職業安全衛生學系碩士班
Keywords:	ASTM F739;浸透係數;脫附作用;塑化劑;健康風險評估;ASTM F739;desorption;plasticizer;carcinogenic risk
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2010-09-29 12:04:24 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究利用ASTM F739防護衣物浸透測試標準方法，以GC-MS分析，探討有機溶劑浸透neoprene、nitrile、PVC化學防護手套之浸透現象，及當手套停止接觸有機溶劑，手套內殘餘有機溶劑的脫附量；亦評估手套中塑化劑的溶出現象，並針對有機溶劑浸透量及塑化劑溶出量進行健康風險評估。研究結果發現，以浸透係數較高為較具浸透性來比較，toluene對於neoprene及PVC材質的手套浸透性最高；而nitrile材質的手套中，則是acetonitrile較具浸透性；較具浸透性的有機溶劑，其破出時間亦較短。而有機溶劑浸透性能以溶解度參數理論解釋，當有機溶劑與手套材質之溶解度參數越接近，則有機溶劑可能越具浸透性。本研究並利用LD50估算體重70 kg的勞工在配戴防護手套連續接觸化學物質的情況下，累積皮膚吸收劑量可能具潛在急性危害的暴露時間。於本研究中，neoprene與PVC材質手套以benzene的容許使用時間最短，而nitrile手套則為acetonitrile最短；部份有機溶劑其容許使用時間少於八小時，則不建議於一天內連續使用。脫附實驗研究結果顯示，在使用防護手套接觸有機溶劑後，即使未繼續接觸有機溶劑、或未經適當除污即重覆使用，仍會使皮膚暴露有機溶劑而產生潛在的健康危害。有機溶劑浸透性較高，脫附濃度相對較高，危害亦越大。於本研究中，neoprene及nitrile手套以toluene脫附濃度最高，PVC手套脫附濃度最高的則是xylene。因此勞工在使用防護手套接觸化學物質之後，應於工作後立即脫下防護手套；若重覆使用防護手套，應使用適當除污方式將手套中殘餘之化學物質去除，始能降低化學物質脫附之危害。浸透及脫附實驗中，neoprene、nitrile、PVC三種手套皆未分析出DMP、DEP、DBP、BBP、及DOP，僅DEHP於採集介質中分析得到。在有機溶劑浸透過程中，DEHP會隨著時間及有機溶劑的浸透而溶出至採集介質中，尤其PVC手套之溶出量最高；即使在脫附實驗中，仍於採集介質中分析出DEHP，且濃度隨時間逐漸增加，甚至高於浸透實驗時溶出的濃度。本研究利用平均溶出速率，估算DEHP之致癌風險值皆小於10-4，雖符合職業暴露之可接受風險值，但仍高於一般可接受風險值(10-6)。表示在使用不同材質手套接觸有機溶劑，仍必須留意手套中溶出之DEHP造成之建康危害；勞工因工作需求使用防護手套，長期暴露DEHP且經由皮膚吸收，仍具有潛在的致癌風險。 The workers with skin exposure to organic solvents are protected extensively by chemical protective gloves made from polymers. The choice of gloves is emphasized by resistance to permeation. After contacting with chemical, the residue in the gloves will be continually desorbed. Besides, plasticizers, especially phthalate esters, added in the polymeric gloves will release with time and use. The aim of this study is to investigate the desorption of organic solvent and dissolution of plasticizers in the chemical protective gloves, and to assess the health risk of chemical and plasticizers. In this study, the gloves, such as neoprene, nitrile, and PVC, were permeated by fifteen solvents using ASTM F739 permeation cell. Methanol was used as the collection medium. In the desorption experiment, even without contacting chemical, the residual chemical was continually desorbed from the contaminated glove samples after permeation experiment. The chemical concentrations were linearly increased and then maintained constant. It is speculated that the residual chemical was completely desorbed from glove samples. Based on the solubility parameter theory, the smaller discrepancy of solubility parameters between chemical and glove, the more chemical permeated into gloves samples; then more residual chemical was desorbed. This study was demonstrated that residual chemical in the contaminated gloves was absorbed after gloves contact chemical for a while. The desorption of chemical lead to a significant threat to workers using contaminated gloves. It is suggested that workers should take off the contaminated gloves immediately after working, and utilize appropriate decontaminated method before using the contaminated gloves. In the present study, DEHP was analyzed in the collection medium, and increase with permeation time for permeation and desorption experiments. The carcinogenic risk of DEHP is as higher as 10-5. However, there will be potential carcinogenic risk for workers exposure to DEHP through chemical protective gloves.
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