鑄造業空氣中結晶型游離二氧化矽粒徑分布與其危害性相關研究

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Title:	鑄造業空氣中結晶型游離二氧化矽粒徑分布與其危害性相關研究 The Study on the Particulate Size Distribution of Crystalline Free Silica and its Hazards in the Foundry Industry
Authors:	江書賢;Shu-Hsien Chiang
Contributors:	公共衛生學院環境醫學研究所碩士班
Keywords:	鑄造業;結晶型游離二氧化矽;粒徑分布;foundry;crystalline free silica;particle size distribution
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2010-09-29 12:03:26 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	國際癌症研究署於1997年將結晶型游離二氧化矽改為確定對人類致癌物質（Group 1），並由研究顯示，長期暴露於結晶型游離二氧化矽，對於健康有更加嚴重的危害，可能罹患矽肺症、肺部纖維化、肺癌等疾病。而鋼鐵鑄造業為台灣的基礎產業之一，在鋼鐵鑄造過程中，勞工會吸入含有結晶型游離二氧化矽的粉塵。不同作業型態，會產生粒徑大小不一的粉塵，又因不同粒徑的粉塵對於健康的危害不盡相同。所以為了瞭解鋼鐵鑄造廠中結晶型游離二氧化矽粒徑分布，本研究將利用微孔均勻沉積衝擊器進行空氣粉塵採樣，以X光繞射儀分析採集後的樣品，最後探討各工廠的工作型態與結晶型游離二氧化矽粒徑分布的關係。結果指出，本研究可分析鑄造廠空氣粉塵中結晶型游離二氧化矽；而鑄造廠空氣中粉塵以大粒徑粉塵（>4 μm）為主，粗粒徑粉塵佔總粉塵46.92至78.90％，結晶型游離二氧化矽也以大粒徑粉塵（>4 μm）為主，粗粒徑結晶型游離二氧化矽佔總二氧化矽69.64至97.48％；鑄造廠勞工致矽肺症風險為6.8×10-3至1.3×10-3，高於美國最高法院所認定之顯著風險（significant risk）：10-3；而氧化損傷代表物質：8-OHdG與結晶型游離二氧化矽暴露濃度有正相關。根據上述結果，需要採取有效防制措施以保護勞工，降低結晶型游離二氧化矽所帶來可能危害。 In 1997, crystalline free silica was classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 carcinogen. Long-term exposure to free silica may cause serious injury to the respiratory system, such as the development of silicosis, bronchitis cancer, etc.. Foundry is the base of economic development in Taiwan, but its working place may generate particulates of different sizes in the fugitive dust, including the crystalline free silica. We conducted this study to comprehend the distributions of particulate concentrations and sizes at work. We sampld the respirable crystalline free silica using Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposition Impactor, and analyzed the crystalline free silica in different filters using X-ray Diffractometer. The results revealed that the dusts at the foundry in the air are coarse types (particle size >4 μm), consisting of 46.92-78.90% of the total dusts. In addition, the crystalline free silica in the air was also mainly coarse particle with the size >4 μm), consisting of 69.64-97.48% of the total crystalline free silica. Moreover, the silicosis risk for the foundry employees was estimated for 1.3-6.8×10-3, significantly higher than the risk level (10-3) defined by US Supreme Court. We also found a positive correlation between levels of urinary 8-OHdG and exposure level of crystalline free silica for workers at the foundry. In conclusion, the workers in foundry industry are recommended to wear an appropriate personal protective equipment or to follow proper ways of management to reduce the crystalline free silica exposure.
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