Activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors induces depotentiation in amygdala slices and reduces fear-potentiated startle in rats

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Title:	Activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors induces depotentiation in amygdala slices and reduces fear-potentiated startle in rats
Authors:	Lin, CH;Lee, CC;Huang, YC;Wang, SJ;Gean, PW
Contributors:	藥學院藥學系;Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Tainan 701, Taiwan;China Med Univ, Sch Pharm, Grad Inst Pharmaceut Chem, Taichung 404, Taiwan;Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Sch Med, Taipei 242, Taiwan
Date:	2005
Issue Date:	2010-09-24 18:56:12 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
Abstract:	Concentrations and distributions of three major water-soluble ion species (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) contained in ambient particles were measured at three sampling sites. in the Kao-ping ambient air quality basin, Taiwan. Ambient particulate matter (PM) samples were collected in a Micro-orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor from February to July 2003 and were analyzed for water-soluble ion species with an ion chromatograph. The PM1/ PM2.5 and PM1/PM10 concentration ratios at the emission source site were 0.73 and 0.53 and were higher than those (0.68 and 0.48) at the background site because there are more combustion sources (i.e., industrial boilers and traffic) around the emission source site. Mass-size distributions of PM NO3- were found in both the fine and coarse modes. SO42- and NH4+ were found in the fine particle mode (PM2.5), with significant fractions of submicron particles (PM,). The source site had higher PM1/PM10 (79, 42, and 90 %) and PM1/PM10 concentration ratios (90, 58, and 93 %) for the three major inorganic secondary aerosol components (SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+) than the receptor site (65, 27, and 65 % for PM1/PM10; 69, 51, and 70 % for PM1/PM2.5). Results obtained in this study indicate that the PM, (submicron aerosol particles) fraction plays an important role in the ambient atmosphere at both emission source and receptor sites. Further studies regarding the origin and formation of ambient secondary aerosols are planned.
Relation:	LEARNING & MEMORY 12(2):130-137
Appears in Collections:	[School of Pharmacy/Master Degree Program, Ph. D program] Journal articles

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