Interleukin-4 gene intron-3 polymorphism is associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

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Title:	Interleukin-4 gene intron-3 polymorphism is associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Authors:	Tsai, FJ;Chang, CH;Chen, CC;Hsia, TC;Chen, HY;Chen, WC
Contributors:	附設醫院兒科部;China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat, Taichung, Taiwan;China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Med Genet, Taichung, Taiwan;China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Taichung, Taiwan;China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Taichung, Taiwan;China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Taichung, Taiwan
Date:	2005
Issue Date:	2010-09-24 14:28:58 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
Abstract:	The susceptibilities of nonduplicate isolates to six antifungal agents were determined for 391 blood isolates of seven Candida species, 70 clinical isolates (from blood or cerebrospinal fluid) of Cryptococcus neoformans, and 96 clinical isolates of four Aspergillus species, which were collected in seven different hospitals in Taiwan (as part of the 2003 program of the study group Surveillance of Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan). All isolates of Candida species other than C glabrata and C krusei were susceptible to fluconazole. Among the 59 C glabrata isolates, 16 (27%) were not susceptible to fluconazole, and all were dose-dependently susceptible or resistant to itraconazole. For three (5.1%) C glabrata isolates, voriconazole MICs were 2 to 4 mug/ml, and for all other Candida species isolates, voriconazole MICs were less than or equal to0.5 mug/ml. The proportions of isolates for which amphotericin B MICs were greater than or equal to2 mug/ml were 100% (3 isolates) for C. krusei, 11% (23 of 207 isolates) for Candida albicans, 3.0% (2 of 67 isolates) for Candida tropicalis, 20% (12 of 59 isolates) for C. glabrata, and 0% for both Candida parapsilosis and Candida lusitaniae. For three (4%) Cryptococcus neoformans isolates, fluconazole MICs were greater than or equal to16 mug/ml, and two (3%) isolates were not inhibited by 1 mug of amphotericin B/ml. For four (4.2%) of the Aspergillus isolates, itraconazole MICs were 8 mug/ml. Aspergillus flavus was less susceptible to amphotericin B, with the MICs at which 50% (1 mug/ml) and 90% (2 mug/ml) nsrsid417869\delsrid7301351 of isolates were inhibited being twofold greater than those for Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. All Aspergillus isolates were inhibited by less than or equal to1 mug of voriconazole/ml, including isolates with increased resistance to amphotericin B and itraconazole. This study revealed the emergence in Taiwan of decreased susceptibilities of Candida species to amphotericin B and of C. neoformans to fluconazole and amphotericin B. Voriconazole was the most potent agent against the fungal isolates tested, including fluconazole- and amphotericin B-nonsusceptible strains.
Relation:	BJU INTERNATIONAL 95(3):432-435
Appears in Collections:	[China Medical University Hospital] Jurnal articles

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