Pediatric fulminant hepatic failure in endemic areas of hepatitis B infection: 15 years after universal hepatitis B vaccination

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Title:	Pediatric fulminant hepatic failure in endemic areas of hepatitis B infection: 15 years after universal hepatitis B vaccination
Authors:	Chen, HL;Chang, CJ;Kong, MS;Huang, FC;Lee, HC;Lin, CC;Liu, CC;Lee, IH;Wu, TC;Wu, SF;Ni, YH;Hsu, HY;Chen, DS;Chang, MH
Contributors:	附設醫院兒科部;Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taipei 100, Taiwan;Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Primary Care Med, Taipei 100, Taiwan;Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Med Res, Taipei 100, Taiwan;Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Taipei 10018, Taiwan;Chang Gung Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taoyuan, Taiwan;Chang Gung Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;Mackay Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taipei, Taiwan;Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taichung, Taiwan;Natl Cheng Kung Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Tainan, Taiwan;Kaohsiung Med Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taipei, Taiwan;China Med Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Taichung, Taiwan;Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan;Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Taipei 10018, Taiwan
Date:	2004
Issue Date:	2010-09-24 14:28:03 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
Abstract:	The Microtox(R) Acute Toxicity Test has been successfully used to measure the toxicity of metals and other pollutants at high concentrations (ppm) in selected environmental samples. However, metals and other toxicants are often found in much lower concentrations (ppb) in many municipal wastewaters and receiving waters. In order to assess the toxicity of these pollutants in these samples, a more sensitive toxicity assay is needed. The Microtox(R) chronic toxicity test has been developed to measure the sublethal effect of toxicants over multiple generations of the test species, Vibrio fisheri. In this study, the toxicity of the 13 priority pollutant metals [i.e. As, Se, Cd, Cr (III and VI), Cu, Pb, Sb, Ag, Tl, Zn, Be, Hg and Ni] to V fisheri was evaluated using the Microtox(R) chronic toxicity test. In this test, the inhibitory concentration (IC), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC), and no observable effect concentration (NOEC) were obtained after 22-h of incubation at 27 +/- 1 degreesC, by comparing the light output of the control to that of the test sample. Among the 13 priority pollutant metals, beryllium (Be) was found to be the most toxic in the test (LOEC = 0.742-1.49 mug/l) while thallium (Tl) was the least toxic (LOEC = 3840-15300 mug/l). The LOECs for copper (as Cu) and lead (Pb) in reagent (ASTM Type I) water were 6.78-13.6 mug/l and 626-1251 mug/l, respectively. The toxicity of copper sulfate (as Cu) in reagent water was shown and significantly reduced with the addition of natural organic matter (fulvic acid) or EDTA to the sample. The LOEC values for the 13 priority pollutant metals in this test were comparable to or lower than those reported for commonly used aquatic toxicity tests, such as the Ceriodaphnia dubia assay. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Relation:	HEPATOLOGY 39(1):58-63
Appears in Collections:	[China Medical University Hospital] Jurnal articles

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