Development of a local real world driving cycle for motorcycles for emission factor measurements

中國醫藥大學機構典藏 China Medical University Repository, Taiwan > 公共衛生學院 > 健康風險管理學系 > 期刊論文 > Item 310903500/28824

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题名:	Development of a local real world driving cycle for motorcycles for emission factor measurements
作者:	Tsai, JH;Chiang, HL;Hsu, YC;Peng, BJ;Hung, RF
贡献者:	公共衛生學院風險管理系;Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan 701, Taiwan;China Med Univ, Dept Risk Management, Taichung, Taiwan;Kun Shan Univ Technol, Dept Environm Engn, Tainan, Taiwan;Kun Shan Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Tainan, Taiwan
日期:	2005
上传时间:	2010-09-24 13:56:24 (UTC+8)
出版者:	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
摘要:	Background. Spontaneous hemopneurnothorax, defined as the accumulation of more than 400 mL of blood in the pleural cavity in association with spontaneous pneumothorax, is a rare entity occurring in young patients and may be life threatening. Although many reports of case studies and series have been published in the world literature, the lack of consistent intraoperative findings and varying surgical methods require a review study. Methods. We discuss the clinical features, management, surgical findings, and outcomes of our own patients with spontaneous hemopneumothorax. Results. From September 1997 to September 2003, 488 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax were treated at our hospital. Of these patients, 27 (5.5%) had spontaneous hemopneurnothorax develop. These 27 patients were comprised of 25 men and 2 women ranging in age from 15 to 39 years (mean age, 22.3 years). The amount of blood that was drained ranged from 400 to 1,700 ml, (mean, 1,012 mL). Twenty-one patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery within 1 day after admission; the remaining 6 patients were treated conservatively with tube thoracostomy alone. On arrival at our emergency room, 9 patients (33.3%) experienced hemodynamic instability with hypovolemic shock. In a review of 6,396 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax in the literature and in our current study, 201 patients (3.1%) had spontaneous hemopneumothorax develop. One hundred seventy-six patients (87.6%) were treated surgically, whereas video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has been performed in 48.9% of patients (86 of 176). There was no recurrence of hemopneumothorax in any of the 201 patients with spontaneous hemopneumothorax after treatment during the follow-up period. Conclusions. Thus one-third of the patients with spontaneous hemopneumothorax had shock symptoms develop. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be considered as an initial treatment procedure for patients with spontaneous hemopneumothorax, whereas conservative treatment is effective and may be performed in selected patients.
關聯:	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 39(35):6631-6641
显示于类别:	[健康風險管理學系] 期刊論文

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