| 摘要: | 有機溶劑廣泛使用於電子、表面塗裝等行業，依據95 年度環保署統計資料顯示台灣每年廢有機溶劑約100,000 公噸。過去大多以精餾回收為主，但效益似乎未獲彰顯，部分溶劑亦因未能妥善處置，而危害環境及公眾健康，因此如何妥善處置這些廢溶劑，使其再利用而衍生出具價值原料，進而提供另一資源化途徑；因而本研究擬以廢有機溶劑於熱處理過程中，產生具較價值且可有多用途之奈米碳管，提升廢有機溶劑資源再利用潛力。本研究計畫以有機廢溶劑資源衍生奈米碳管，主要工作為開發可應用於廢溶劑衍生奈米碳材之觸媒及應用熱解化學氣相沉積法合成奈米碳材之合成技術。過去本研究實驗觸媒開發以凝膠溶膠及塗佈技術為主，惟觸媒於基本表面分佈不佳或觸媒金屬純度不佳，而使碳管產率不佳，因此擬結合金屬球磨技術與真空濺鍍將觸媒顆粒奈米化，以開發分佈、膜厚均勻且節省金屬觸媒材料較佳之方法。第一年研究主要在於開發應用於廢有機溶劑衍生奈米碳材之觸媒及奈米碳材之合成技術，觸媒方面結合奈米化研磨及濺鍍技術應可開發出較佳之製造方法；奈米碳材方面廢溶劑中碳源組成及水分含量應為影響碳管生成之重要因素，過去國內外文獻有關奈米碳管合成文獻中，甚少進行相關研究，因此將針對影響碳管生成之因素，作詳細研究，此外對熱解過程中所產生之廢氣（VOCs、CO、CO2、 SOx、NOx）、碳煙(PAHs、金屬微量元素、質量濃度)等污染特性等進行分析；第二年研究則建立奈米碳管之活化程序，並將奈米碳管應用於污染物之吸附處理，本研究擬以揮發性有機物為處理對象，擬先將奈米碳管先置入TGA 爐體進行前處理，使用真空泵浦將TGA 抽真空（10-8 mbar），使奈米碳管孔隙中之水分及其他氣態成分脫附，再以質量流量控制器控制流量注入揮發性有機氣體及氫氣洩真空再進行吸附實驗；亦將活化後之奈米碳管應用於儲氫測試，應用可耐高壓之熱重分析儀進行常壓/高壓儲氫測試；此外亦添著金屬(Li、K、Mg 等)於奈米碳管中，並評估金屬添著對奈米碳管儲氫效能之影響。目前成果主要以乙炔及廢溶劑為碳源，含Ni 觸媒可於450oC 生成碳管，而Pd 觸媒則需至600oC 有較佳之碳管結構生成。此外混合碳源(酮類、苯)及含水氣狀況下，均可順利長成碳管，供儲氫應用。本研究以有機廢溶劑研製奈米碳管，選擇、比較適當生成碳管之金屬觸媒，發展觸媒奈米化及觸媒分散之方法，探討混合碳源及水氣含量影響，於奈米材料研究領域應有其原創性。而針對熱解化學沉積合成奈米碳管程序，所產生氣態污染物分析及有機廢溶劑資源化再利用，應用奈米碳材於儲氫及 VOCs 污染控制，應對環境維護有所助益。本計畫執行後，跨領域之成果，應為本計畫重要價值。
Organic solvents are used for electrical industry, surface coating and many other industries. According to the statistical information of EPA, there were 100,000 tons/yr of organic solvents in 2006. Almost of them are distillations for recycling, but some of them are not well disposal and destroy the environment and public health. Therefore, the more valuable material is important for the recycling of waste. In this study, the scraping organic solvent could be recycled to derive the carbon nanotube by the thermal treatment process. In the first year, the catalyst development is the important to the using the pyrolytic chemical vapor deposition for the synthesis of carbon nanotube from the scarping organic solvent. In the previous work, the sol-gel and spin coating methods were used to distribute the catalyst on the template, but the metal catalyst distribution is imhomogeneous that causes the overloading of metal on the template and the impurity exists in the catalyst that reduces the yield of carbon nanotubes. Therefore, the ball miller is used to reduce the metal particle size to nano-scale and sputtering method may be a better technology to produce catalyst film on template for the formation of carbon nanotubes. In addition, the mixture of carbon source and water vapor content are seldom investigated on literatures. Therefore, both of factors are investigated their effect on the formation of carbon nanotubes. In addition, the compositions of exhaust were analyzed including soot, poly aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO, CO2, SOx, NOx and trace metal in particles. The efficiency of air pollution control device is investigated in the study. In the second year, the scraping organic derived carbon nanotubes are purification and activation and are used for hydrogen storage and volatile organic compounds adsorption. In addition, the alkali metal is doping on carbon nanotubes to enhance the hydrogen storage capacity. The thermal gravimetric analyzer system is used to measure the adsorption capacity of hydrogen and VOCs. The previous study is successfully using C2H2 to produce carbon filaments on the Ni and Pd catalyst. In addition, the carbon filaments are also formation under the mixture carbon sources (ketone and benzene) and water vapor content atmosphere. This study investigates the effect of mixture carbon sources and water vapor content on the carbon nanotube that is a novel work in the field of carbon nanotube formation. In addition, the application of scarping organic solvent as carbon source produces carbon nanotube and analyzes the exhaust pollution characteristics that are friendly to the environment. |
