運用自我效能理論探討安養機構老人規律運動行為; Appling Self-Efficacy Theory to Exercise Behaviors in Residential Care Home Elders

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Title:	運用自我效能理論探討安養機構老人規律運動行為;Appling Self-Efficacy Theory to Exercise Behaviors in Residential Care Home Elders
Authors:	李月萍;Li Yueh-Ping
Contributors:	中國醫藥大學護理學研究所
Keywords:	老人;安養機構;自我效能理論;規律運動行為;older adults;residential care homes;Self-efficacy theory;regular exercise behaviors
Date:	1993
Issue Date:	2009-12-24 11:02:31 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究旨在應用自我效能理論為架構來探討安養機構老人的規律運動行為。以方便取樣，自台中縣市三所公、私立經政府立案之安養機構，共取得100位符合收案條件之老人。研究工具為結構式問卷，內容包括基本資料、運動自我效能量表、運動結果預期量表以及規律運動行為問卷等四個部分。研究資料以SPSS Windows 10.0套裝軟體進行描述性統計、t檢定、χ2檢定、Mann-Whitney U檢定、Kruskal-Wallis檢定、Spearman等級相關係數以及邏輯式迴歸分析。研究結果顯示：只有31%的老人目前有從事規律運動行為，其中運動種類以散步佔第一位，其次則為體操。運動自我效能得分，除了會因老人進住機構前是否有規律運動習慣、認為目前環境是否方便運動以及日常生活活動功能的依賴程度不同而呈現顯著差異外，又與上、下肢肌力以及自覺健康狀態呈現顯著正相關。而運動結果預期得分，除了會因老人進住機構前是否有規律運動習慣而呈現顯著差異外，同時也與下肢肌力以及自覺健康狀態呈現顯著正相關。老人目前是否從事規律運動行為，會因其進住前是否有規律運動習慣，以及日常生活活動功能依賴程度的不同而呈現統計上顯著差異。而自覺健康狀態得分與上、下肢肌力測試分數，則均會因目前是否從事規律運動行為而呈現顯著差異。最後，運動自我效能與運動結果預期不但呈現顯著正相關，同時兩者之得分，亦均會因老人目前是否從事規律運動行為而呈現顯著差異。邏輯式迴歸分析顯示，運動自我效能(OR=1.08)與上肢肌力(OR=3.28)兩個變項可以預測老人目前的規律運動行為。; The purpose of this study was to apply the Self-efficacy theory to explore regular exercise behaviors among older adults living in residential care homes. Convenience sampling was used to collect data from 100 older adults living in three public or private registered residential care homes in the great Taichung metropolitan. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, which included a demographic data sheet, the self-efficacy for exercise scale, the outcome-expectations for exercise scale, and the regular exercise behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS/windows 10.0 statistical software. The statistical methods included descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman’s rho Correlation Coefficients, and logistic regression. The results showed that only thirty-one percent of the participants engaged in regular exercise. Walking was the most frequently practiced activity and the second was gymnastics. There were statistically significant differences in self-efficacy between two groups with different previous exercise habits, two groups having different perceptions of environmental convenience, and two groups with different dependent degrees in activities of daily living. Moreover, the muscle powers of upper and lower limbs and perceived health status were all positively correlated with self-efficacy. There were also statistically significant differences in outcome-expectations between two groups with different previous exercise habits. Outcome-expectations positively correlated with the muscle powers of lower limbs and perceived health status. There were statistically significant differences in regular exercise behaviors between two groups with different previous exercise habits and between two groups with different dependent degrees in activities of daily living. There were statistically significant differences in perceived health status and the muscle powers of upper and lower limbs between those who engaged in regular exercise and those who did not. Self-efficacy was positively correlated with outcome-expectations, and there were significant differences in self-efficacy and outcome-expectations between those who engaged in regular exercise and those who did not. The Logistic regression indicated self-efficacy (OR=1.08) and the muscle powers of lower limbs (OR=3.28) were the significant predictors of older adults’ regular exercise behaviors.
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