| 摘要: | 本研究主要目的為探討長期照護機構老人憂鬱狀態、社會支持與孤寂感之相關性，並探討憂鬱狀態與孤寂感之預測因子。採相關性研究設計，以方便取樣，選取臺中縣市七所長期照護機構，共100名符合收案標準之老人。主要的研究工具包括老年憂鬱量表簡明版、社會支持量表及UCLA孤寂感量表。所收集的資料以SPSS/PC 10.0 套裝軟體，進行次數分佈、平均值、眾數、Mann-Whitney U 檢定、Kruskal-Wallis檢定、Spearman rank-order correlation、邏輯迴歸分析以及逐步複迴歸分析。 研究結果顯示：老年憂鬱量表之得分會因是否罹患慢性病及住進機構之主要原因之不同而有顯著差異。整體社會支持會因基本屬性之性別、婚姻狀況、有無宗教信仰、有無子女、住機構前主要居住安排、住進機構之主要原因以及住進機構費用的主要繳納者之不同而有顯著差異。孤寂感量表之得分，則會因有無宗教信仰及過去有無職業之不同而有顯著差異。此外，相關性分析結果顯示，憂鬱狀態與孤寂感呈現顯著正相關，親戚支持、朋友支持與社會支持滿意度均和憂鬱狀態呈現顯著負相關。孤寂感與整體社會支持、子女支持、親戚支持、朋友支持、院友支持、情緒支持、社會整合、資訊支持、實質支持以及社會支持滿意度均呈現顯著負相關。經由邏輯迴歸分析，發現孤寂感與有無罹患慢性病可預測長期照護機構老人之憂鬱狀態。經由逐步複迴歸分析，發現孤寂感最主要的預測變項為憂鬱狀態、院友支持及子女支持，共可解釋48.5%之變異量。 本研究結果可做為長期照護相關工作人員之參考，最後並根據研究發現對臨床實務及未來研究提出具體建議。; The purposes of this study were to explore the relationships among depression, social support, and loneliness and the predictors of depression and loneliness of the elderly living in long-term care facilities. A correlational research design and convenience sampling were used to recruit 100 elders who met the sampling criteria from 7 long-term care facilities located in the Taichung county and the Taichung city. The measurement instruments included Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form, Social Support Scale, and Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Data were analyzed by using SPSS/PC 10.0 for Windows. The statistics used for data analysis included frequency distribution, arithmetic mean, mode, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman rank-order correlation, logistic regression, and stepwise multiple regression. The results indicated that there were significant differences in depression between different groups of having chronic illness or not and among different groups of institutionalized reasons. There were significant differences in general social support between different groups of gender, marital status, having religious believes or not, having children or not, living arrangement before institutionalization, institutionalized reasons, and the fee payers. In addition, there were significant differences in loneliness between different groups of having religion believes or not and previous occupational status. Depression was negatively correlated with loneliness. Besides, the results of Spearman rank-order correlation analysis showed that relatives’ support, friends’ support, and satisfaction of support were all negatively correlated with depression. Loneliness was negatively correlated with general social support, children’s support, relatives’ support, friends’ support, residents’ support, emotional support, social integration, informational support, tangible support, and social support satisfaction. Logistic regression showed that loneliness and having chronic diseases were the major predictors of depression. Stepwise multiple regression showed that depression, residents’ support, and children’s support explained 48.5% of the variance in loneliness. The results of this study may provide as references for long-term care facility personnel. Finally, implications for clinical practice and future research are offered. |
