一條根類藥材之鑑別及藥理活性研究; Studies on the Identification and Pharmacological Activities of I-Tiao-Ken

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題名:	一條根類藥材之鑑別及藥理活性研究;Studies on the Identification and Pharmacological Activities of I-Tiao-Ken
作者:	柯裕仁;Ko, Yu-Jen
貢獻者:	中國醫藥學院中國藥學研究所
關鍵詞:	一條根;千斤拔;民間藥;生藥;I-Tiao-Ken;Flemingia;Folk medicine;Crude drug
日期:	1992
上傳時間:	2009-12-22 10:32:42 (UTC+8)
摘要:	在台灣「一條根」之同名異物藥材雜多，其來源可追溯計分屬於5科12屬19種的不同植物。本研究主要針對目前市售品中較為主流的4種「千斤拔屬」、2種「大豆屬」以及僅產於金門的「蠅子草屬」女婁菜等7種「一條根」，進行藥學相關的文獻考察、市售調查、顯微及分子生物學鑑定、特定藥理活性成分含量比較、藥理試驗研究，並對金門特產的闊葉大豆（習稱：金門一條根）進行保健功能及安全性評估研究。從本研究中發現目前市售的一條根類藥材在台、澎地區以「蔓性千斤拔」為主，係傳統的一條根，做為民間藥，使用歷史最久。該植物在本土野生或栽培之數量現極為稀少，評估其醫療保健效能及可開發性優良，值得於國內加以復育，並在成分藥理學上更進一步繼續深入探討。金門市售的一條根以「闊葉大豆」根部藥材為主，該植物為一種野生大豆，現經該縣農試所推廣栽培以及業者開發系列性保健產品，已發展成為該地區特有的一項產業。在本研究之各項試驗中，生藥組織學顯微鑑別及DNA定序鑑別研究的結果，能清楚地將各種一條根類藥材比較並區分。針對不同一條根類藥材所可能含有daidzin、daidzein、genistin、genistein四個異黃酮成分的含量，利用HPLC的方法進行比較分析，結果顯示各同名異物藥材中異黃酮類成分含量差異甚大。其中genistein的含量以球穗花千斤拔最高，達2.29 μg/g； genistin的含量以大葉千斤拔最，達1.29 μg/g。從各種不同致發炎劑所誘發的抗炎試驗中發現闊葉大豆的抗發炎作用與傳統一條根的千斤拔頗相似。比較台灣產4種千斤拔屬植物根部的抗發炎試驗結果發現蔓性千斤拔及球穗花千斤拔的抑制作用較強。在抗過敏試驗中發現該4種千斤拔及闊葉大豆皆能明顯地抑制第四型過敏反應，當中又以球穗花千斤拔根部50％乙醇粗萃取物的作用最強。另也發現大葉千斤拔亦能抑制第三型過敏反應。探討金門才有的女婁菜根部50％乙醇粗萃取物對肝損傷改善作用的試驗結果顯示其能明顯防止CCl4及acetaminophen給藥所造成化學性肝損傷的進展。針對闊葉大豆根部水粗萃取物(AGT)保健功能評估所進行的各項試驗，發現其對高血脂倉鼠，能降低其總膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白，增加高密度脂蛋白，顯示其對高脂血症有一定的改善作用。對腸胃功能影響的動物試驗中，也發現其在餵食28天後，能明顯增加腸道內益生性乳酸桿菌的數目，此有可能係由於其成分中含有益菌之益生物質如寡糖等。此外，AGT能增加腸道的消化酵素及glutathione之活性，促進胃腸蠕動，卻不影響胃酸分泌的作用，顯示其對胃腸功能具有一定的改善效能。AGT的保肝功能試驗結果則發現其對化學性肝損傷未具改善作用。 AGT所進行的各項安全性評估試驗，顯示其對大鼠的急性毒性大於10g/kg（相當於生藥乾品80g/kg）。28天餵食毒性試驗及 90天餵食毒性試驗的結果顯示其安全劑量宜在1.7 g/kg（相當於生藥乾品15.45 g/kg）以下。致畸試驗中未見AGT有引起致畸胎之作用；以Amest test及鼷鼠骨髓細胞之微核測試法來評估AGT的基因毒性，其結果均顯示AGT並無致突變作用。本研究針對國內同名異物混雜的一條根類藥材進行系列性的評估及研究，期望這些試驗的結果能提供學術界和醫藥、保健產品、生物技術產業界及農政、藥政等主管單位在後續對一條根進行評估、研究及開發上作為有益之參考。; Like other Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, numerous homonymic commercial I-Tiao-Ken (ITKs) were frequently found in the herbal market of Taiwan. These ITKs were identified to be originated from plant roots of 19 different species of 12 genera in 5 families. In this study, 7 major ITKs of genus Flemingia (4s), Glycine (2s) and Silene (1s) were initially targeted and investigated through literature review, market survey, comparative anatomical and molecular biological identification, comparative analysis on certain active components as well as several pharmacological experiments. In addition, Glycine tomentella HAYATA (a wild soybean, as also called: Kinmen ITK), a unique drug material of ITK from Kinmen Area was extraordinarily studied for its effectiveness on health care and safety in this study. From the market investigation, the traditional and the early-used ITK -Flemingia prostrata ROXB. was found to be the major commercial item of ITKs in Taiwan and Penghu Islands (Pescadores Islands ). At present, the indigenous quantity or plantation of F. prostrata is found scarce locally. Considering its fine efficacy and potential for health care, it is therefore suggested worthily to cultivate and propagate as well as to investigate its ingredients and pharmacological effects . On the contrary, the most popular ITK commercially available in Kinmen is G. tomentella, the wild soybean. The plant is now mostly cultivated by farmers with promotion and contracting from the local County Agricultural Research Institute. A series of health products made from this herb have been developed by many stores and business companies on the islet, and a very unique industry relied on this medicinal plant has been also established locally. In this study, difference between several ITKs were compared and distinguished by pharmacognostical microscopic and DNA sequencing identification methods. We also analysed the content of isoflavones such as daidzin, daidzein, genistin and genistein in ITKs. Results from the comparative quantitative analysis by HPLC showed that these 4 isoflavones in the homonymic ITKs differ greatly, the largest content of genistein (2.29μg/g) was found in Flemingia strobilifera (L.) R. BR. & AIT., while the largest content of genistin (1.29μg/g) was found in F. macrophylla (WILLD.) MERR. In the anti-inflammatory experiments caused by various inflammation inducers,
顯示於類別:	[中國藥學研究所(已停用)] 博碩士論文

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