有機溶劑防護手套浸透之擴散係數模式; The Diffusion Coefficient of Organic Solvent Permeation through Polymer Film

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题名:	有機溶劑防護手套浸透之擴散係數模式;The Diffusion Coefficient of Organic Solvent Permeation through Polymer Film
作者:	吳明傑;Ming-Chieh Wu
贡献者:	中國醫藥學院環境醫學研究所
关键词:	有機溶劑;防護手套;穩定浸透速率;擴散係數;organic solvent;protective glove;permeation rate;diffusion coefficient
日期:	1991
上传时间:	2009-12-03 09:43:20 (UTC+8)
摘要:	摘要根據美國工業衛生師學會(ACGIH)的報告，已訂有容許暴露濃度恕限值的有害化學物中，約有四分之一可經由皮膚進入人體造成危害，而其中絕大多數為有機溶劑。因此為防範化學物質接觸皮膚，應積極進行環境管理及作業管理，確實遵守標準作業程序，另外選用適當有效的防護手套亦為保護勞工個人安全的最後一道防護措施。目前對於職業衛生用之有機溶劑防護手套，一般以其破出時間及穩定浸透速率作為評估手套防護效果之參考依據。然而有機溶劑對於防護手套之穩定浸透速率將因手套材質、厚度、有無內襯、製作過程合成添加物種類、以及化學物質濃度等條件而異，因此則限制浸透測試資料之應用性。本研究利用實驗測試苯、甲苯、乙基苯、對-二甲苯及苯乙烯在nitrile聚合物手套中的穩定浸透速率，並以Fick’s Law及質傳理論探討其浸透達到穩定狀態時之擴散係數。根據理論此擴散係數對於同一材質及相同有機溶劑將為常數，且不因有機溶劑濃度及手套厚度而變化；因此可廣泛用以評估聚合物對有機溶劑之防護效果。浸透試驗使用ASTM F739測試腔，以氮氣作為開放式迴路之採集介質，並取樣後直接注入氣相層析儀(GC/FID)分析有機溶劑浸透濃度。本研究針對厚度(0.60±0.04 mm)之nitrile手套，發現苯、甲苯、乙基苯、對-二甲苯及苯乙烯在nitrile手套薄膜之穩定浸透速率(ug/cm2/min)分別為501.76、436.44、 234.96、 268.48 and 198.21；結果顯示穩定浸透速率與手套之厚度及有機溶劑之分子量成反比。經由本研究建立之質傳模式分析浸透實驗數據，得到苯、甲苯、乙基苯、對-二甲苯及苯乙烯在nitrile手套薄膜之擴散係數(10-6cm2/min)分別為0.601±0.028、0.498±0.057、0.272±0.017、0.308±0.028與0.205±0.029。而且本研究之擴散係數模式僅利用浸透達到穩定狀態之實驗數據，其較不易受到分析儀器之靈敏性對遲滯時間所造成之影響，而可簡捷地得到有機溶劑在聚合物之擴散係數。同時經由複回歸分析建立擴散係數之相關式，實驗得到之擴散係數與有機溶劑的分子量(MW)、水溶解度(WS)、辛烷與水分配係數(Kow)相關性較佳，其與分子量成反比且相關性最好(r=0.940，p-value<0.05)。以擴散係數與有機溶劑物化性質進行多變項回歸分析得到回歸經驗式D=1037.63 × MW -22.714 × LogKow16.678 × VIS2.236，未來可利用此回歸經驗式預測擴散係數，再藉由擴散係數模式評估有機溶劑之穩定浸透速率。並可根據勞工使用有機溶劑防護手套之實際狀況，建立其質傳數學模式，利用由擴散係數可有效的預測手套內有機溶劑之暴露濃度，以提供暴露評估及防護手套性能評估之發展技術。; Abstract According to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) reports, had published hazardous chemical’s Threshold Limit Value (TLV). About quarter of hazardous chemicals is organic solvent causing damage upon contract with human body by skin irritation. Therefore, to protect human body, we should actively proceed to environmental control and work management. The last protective line of defense is selecting appropriately useful glove. The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate the permeation of nitrile gloves to protect against benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, p-xylene and styrene. A model based on the Fick’s Law and mass transfer theory was presented for estimating the diffusion coefficients of organic solvents in polymers. Experimental data were conducted to develop and assess the performance of the model. The ASTM F739 test cell was utilized for permeation experiments and nitrogen was the collection medium flowed through the open-loop system. The concentrations of organic solvents in the collection medium were analyzed by GC/FID. For nitrile gloves with 0.60 mm thickness, the steady state permeation rates of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, p-xylene and styrene were 501.76, 436.44, 234.96, 268.48 and 198.21 (ug/cm2/min), respectively. As expected, the steady state permeation rates were inversely proportion to the thickness of gloves and the molecular weights of organic solvents. The diffusion coefficients of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, p-xylene and styrene in nitrile estimated by the modeling were 0.601±0.028、0.498±0.057、0.272±0.017、0.308±0.028 and 0.205±0.029 (10-6cm2/min), respectively. As compared with the other models, the model presented in this study could conveniently and accurately estimate the diffusion coefficients of organic solvent in polymers. In addition, the diffusion coefficients were used to appropriately model the experimental permeation data. Finally, a correlation of diffusion coefficients was developed using the properties of organic solvents. The diffusion coefficients were found to correlate well with the molecular weight, log kow and viscosity constant of organic solvents. The efforts of this research could be improve the development of exposure assessments as workers wearing the protection gloves.
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