| 摘要: | 功勞葉為枸骨的別名，始載於新修（6），原列於女貞項下，歷代以降諸家本草均有著錄；拾遺（7）、英公本草（8）、圖經本草（11）、證類（12）、大觀（13）、品彙精要（15）、綱目（16-19）等正統本草均沿用枸骨為其正名。 功勞葉為中醫臨床之少常用中藥，其清熱養陰、平肝、益腎，用於肺癆咳血、骨蒸潮熱、頭暈目眩、高血壓。現代藥理研究更證明其具有增加冠脈流量、強心作用、避孕及抗生育等藥理作用，本研究首先進行本草學考察，以究明功勞葉之歷史演變，地理異同的複雜情形；並就其藥用植物學、生藥學、藥理學進行文獻考察及實驗證明。經採集調查選擇Ilex屬的1種，Mahonia屬的3種，市場品1種，總共5種，進行生藥組織鑑別研究。 1. Ilex cornuta LINDLEY ex Paxt.枸骨 2. Mahonia fortunei FEDDE 狹葉十大功勞 3. Mahonia japonica DE CANDOLLE 十大功勞 4. Mahonia oiwakensis HAYATA 阿里山十大功勞 5. 市場品 本研究依植物分類學與生藥組織學原則，記述原植物與藥用部位的外部形態特徵，同時闡明其內部組織結構之異同，並建立標準生藥組織圖（如附件），以資為藥材鑑定或臨床使用等進一步研究之參考。; Kou-Ku（枸骨）is one of the seldom-used Chinese medicines. To make sure of its basic principles，clarify the categories of its current commercial products on the market，this study in addition to conducting pentsaological studies of Kou-Ku （枸骨） and the medicinal botany as well as the investigation of relevant literature，the author also gathered plants and investigated the current market situation on the use of the products. Then, an over all observation was made of the plants gathered, while , at the same time, special distinction was made of the leaves and their external pattern as well as making comparison of the internal structure and anatomical structure. The conclusion obtained was as follows: 1.The name of Kou-Ku（枸骨）was first recorded in Hsin-Hsiu Pents，ao（新修本草）under the entry of Nyu-Jen（女貞）,in which mention was made only of its name, but there was no discription of its patterns and medicinal uses. Only in Pents，ao Hsi-Yi（本草拾遺）of Chen Chang Chi （陳藏器）were the patterns of Kuo-Ku（枸骨）and its effects were first recorded. 2.Pents，ao Kang-Mu（本草綱目）of Lee Hsih-Jen（李時珍）in the Ming Dynasty（明朝）mentioned the three trees of Nyu-Jen（女貞）, Kuo-Ku（枸骨） and Tung-Chin（冬青）, and made distinction of the three plants of Nyu-Jen（女貞）,Kuo-Ku（枸骨） and Tung-Chin（冬青）. At the same time, there were detailed discriptions of the origin of the name of Kou-Ku（枸骨）,patterns and main effects． *1 91,Hseh Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan, Ripublic of China *2 Graduate Student of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 3.Pents，ao-Feng Yuan（本草逢原） and Pents，ao-Hsih-Chiang（本草詩箋） were the old Pents，ao. which were the names of the Shih Da-Kong-Lau（十大功勞）appeared the earliest﹒The drawing of Kou-Ku（枸骨）and the sketch of the two plants of Shih Da- Kong-Lau（十大功勞）appeared in Chih-Wu-Ming-Hsih-Tu Kao（植物名實圖考）.there were also detailed discriptions of the two plants of the Shih Da-Kong-Lau（十大功勞）,showing Kou-Ku（枸骨）and the Shih Da-Kong-Lau（十大功勞）as different plants. 4.The plant source of Kong-Lau leaves（功勞葉）grown in Taiwan was made up of one species of Ilex genus（冬青屬）of Aquifoliaceae （冬青科）,and three species of Mahonia genus（十大功勞屬） of Berberidaceae （小蘗科）for a total of four species. Through market investigation, both were used together. （1）Ilex cornuta LINDLEY ex Paxt. （2）Mahonia fortunei FEDDE （3）Mahonia japonica DE CANDOLLE （4）Mahonia oiwakensis HAYATA 5.Distinction and the internal structures of the above mentioned plants were made of their external appearances, their upper and lower skin surfaces, and the pattern of their vascular tissues. (as shown in Table 1.2) 6.This study elucidated the possible variety of Kong-Lau leaf（功勞葉） medicinal materials grown in Taiwan. Their external patterns and internal structures were helpful for the evaluation of the medicinal materials． |
