| 摘要: | 醛類廣泛地被使用於工作場所中做為殺菌劑、滅菌劑、防腐劑、組織固定劑及黏著劑等；在環境中，諸如燃料燃燒、抽煙的煙燻及水的臭氧化處理等，亦存在醛類的污染。醛類是黏膜刺激物，暴露後會影響肺部，皮膚，眼睛，甚至中樞神經系統；另外，包括甲醛，乙醛，喃甲醛，及反丁烯-2-醛等是確定的動物致癌物質，而甲醛更是疑似人類致癌物質。由於醛類幾乎無所不在，而且經暴露會造成明顯的健康危害，因此是需要一個準確、快速、方便的醛類暴露評估方法。 本研究以戊醛為研究對象，設計被動式採樣器，並希望能將成果應用於其他醛類上。採樣器以固相微萃取（Solid Phase Microextraction, SPME）的熔融矽纖維為主體，再置於鐵弗龍管中；整個採樣器長約13.5cm、重約 8.73g、 擴散面積0.00086cm^2、擴散徑長0.3cm。所使用的熔融矽纖維材質為poly(dimethylsiloxane) /divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB)，並裹附五氟芐羥胺（O-2,3,4,5,6- (pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride, PFBHA），構成採樣介質。 設計完成之採樣器，分別利用空氣採樣袋及動態暴露評估系統進行擴散式被動採樣評估；樣品採集完成後，直接以氣相層析儀火燄離子偵測器進行熱脫附及分析，分析時之標準曲線則以實驗合成之oxime 製備。 固相微萃取之熔融矽纖維以頂空法萃取裹附五氟芐羥胺之條件，經實驗決定以轉速1100 rpm進行兩分鐘；樣本熱脫附之條件為250°C兩分鐘；分析方法偵測戊醛的極限為27 ng；經空氣採樣袋評估的結果，採樣器的實驗採樣率為(3.66 ± 0.25)*10^-2 cm^3/min、經動態標準氣體製造系統評估的結果則為(3.93 ±0.16)*10^-2 cm^3/min；採樣器的表現並不會受到風速的影響，而其他可能影響採樣器的因素，如：溫度、濕度、採樣時間、採樣器壽命、及樣本保存期限等，皆於文中有所討論。; Aldehydes are widely used industrial chemicals and are also encountered in the ambient environment as a result of fuel combustion, other combustion process and oxidative reactions of organics. Exposed to aldehydes will cause pulmonary, skin, eye and central nervous system effects because they are mucous membrane irritants. Some aldehydes, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural, and crotonaldehyde are animal carcinogens, and formaldehyde is a suspected human carcinogen. Since aldehydes are almost everywhere and the exposures of aldehydes will cause significant health effects, an accurate, fast and convenient method for sampling and analysis is needed for the purpose of exposure assessment. The aim of this research is to develop a new passive sampler for alehydes in air based on the technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and the use of O-2,3,4,5,6-(pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA). The poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber was used, and the fiber assembly was put into a Teflon tubing to construct the sampler. The weight of the designed passive sampler was 8.73 g with the length of 13.5 cm. The diffusion path of the sampler was 0.3 cm and the cross- area was 0.00086 cm2. Dynamic standard-gas- generation system and air sampling bag were both used for sampler evaluations. After sampling, the sample was analyzed directly by GC-FID for thermal desorption and quantification. The standard solutions for sample analysis were made from the oximes synthesized. The appropriate loading time for SPME coating PFBHA was determined to be 2 min at 1100 rpm and the desorption time for oxime formed after sampling was optimized to be 2 min at 250°C. The experimental sampling constants were found to be (3.66 ± 0.25)*10^-2 cm^3/min from the exposures of air bags and (3.93 ±0.16)*10^-2 cm^3/min from dynamic standard gas generation system. The air velocity was found to have no effect on the performance of the sampler while other factors including temperature, relative humidities, sampling time, shelf life and sample stability were also discussed. |
