醫療廢棄物中含抗腫瘤化學藥物之質量分析及其熱處理技術之探討; The mass analysis of antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drug in medical waste and the exploration of thermal treating technique

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题名:	醫療廢棄物中含抗腫瘤化學藥物之質量分析及其熱處理技術之探討;The mass analysis of antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drug in medical waste and the exploration of thermal treating technique
作者:	趙佩玉;Pei-Yu Chao
贡献者:	中國醫藥學院環境醫學研究所
关键词:	抗腫瘤藥物;裂解;質譜儀;動力模式;焚化爐;醫療廢棄物;antineoplastic drug;pyrolysis;GC/Mass;kinetic model;incinerator;medical waste
日期:	1990
上传时间:	2009-12-03
摘要:	由於癌症病患日益增多，導致醫院中應用於癌症病患之化學治療藥品，也相對的增加，其棄置之後亦成為醫院中不可輕忽的有害廢棄物。故本研究之目的：1.調查醫院化療廢棄物所佔之總量及化學治療藥品之殘存濃度作為處理醫院廢棄物之參考依據。2.調查化療廢棄物之儲存、清運方式及處理現況。3.研究熱處理方法對化療藥物破壞之可行性，作為焚化操作之參考依據。 1.以5-Fu化療葯品廢棄物為例，用HPLC分析其濃度及其殘存量。2.仍以化療藥物5-FU，在一個N2環境下實驗，每分鐘加熱速率1、3、5K進行dynamic TG (thermogravimetry)裂解法；另一個方法則是以5-Fu、Cisplatin及MTX在密閉方式的小型焚化法進行處理，以3ml的高級汽油為輔助燃料，進行實驗。3.再將裂解過程中所產生的揮發性氣體，以GC/Mass spectrometry(MS)分析其組成。 1.平均每一接受化療之病人，每天產生0.11-0.23 kg之化療廢棄物。而化療廢棄物每月約600kg至1000kg之間，佔感染性廢棄物之1.68%。化療藥品瓶廢棄物中化療廢棄藥物之濃度平均為1702 mg/kg，化療點滴瓶廢棄物中之濃度平均為177-335mg/kg。2.從dynamic TG分析中5-Fu的質量減少曲線可推論出一個明顯的質量變化，三種加熱速率約都在溫度460K開始即有揮發或裂解的現象，在460~673K之間有90%的實驗物已完成裂解或揮發。3.在焚化實驗結果中，開始熱裂解化療藥物的時間約是在前200秒，因為5-Fu 、Cisplatin 與Methotrexate的最高溫度分別在629℃、717℃及612℃，配合其莫耳數亦是在200秒後呈穩定狀態，故裂解溫度約是從200℃~600℃。4. 5-Fu、Cisplatin 與Methotrexate之裂解燃氣分析，根據其分子量分析出之氣體為CO2、CO、O2等氣體，其中MTX發現一不明分子量為70，仍需再探討。比對TGA裂解之質量趨勢變化溫度約在200℃-400℃；而在燃燒汽油釋放熱量使化療藥物裂解的實驗中，溫度約在200℃-600℃間裂解。故當化療廢棄物丟入醫療廢棄物焚化爐的一次爐體中，應是可燃燒裂解完成，不致會有有害氣體之產生。; The number of cancer patients increasing the amount of antineoplastic drugs applied on cancer patients is increasing day by day in hospital. The proper disposal those hazard wastes become to a very important issue. The purposes of our investigation are as following: 1. To investigate either the total amount or percentage of the antineoplastic chemical waste in hospital waste and the residual concentration of drug in the waste as the referable database for waste management. 2. To investigate the current conditions of the storage, transportation and management. 3.To investigate the possibility of thermal process to treat for destruction of chemotherapeutic drug as a referable database for incineration. 1. Questionnaires designation for the amount of common chemotherapeutic drug in which 5-Fu was chosen for concentration and residual amount analyses using HPLC. 2. 5-Fu was also used as a model chemotherapeutic drug to perform the TG pyrolysis under a nitrogen atmospheric at temperature ranging of 400-900 k at the nominal rates of 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 K/min. Further incineration experiment was carried out in a closed system with gasoline added as an auxiliary fuel. 3. The formation of VOCs from the pyrolysis process was analyzed by mass spectrometry to understand the possible gas composition during incineration. 1. In general, every patient produced approximately 0.11-0.23 Kg of chemotherapeutic wastes per day during the course of chemotherapeutic process or 600-1000 Kg of chemotherapeutic wastes per month in a hospital. This is corresponding to about 1.68% of total infection wastes. The drugs can be presence as the residue within vial and bottle waste of chemotherapeutic treatment, in which the average concentration was 1702 mg/kg waste or corresponding to 177-335 Kg in net. 2.A significant mass reduction was calculated from the dynamic TG 5-Fu mass reducing curve, all three heating rates, the vaporization and pyrolysis begin at the temperature of 460K , 90 percentage of experiments has completed the vaporization pyrolysis during the temperature ranged from 460-673K. 3.In the result of incineration, pyrolysis of chemotherapy drug complete in the initial 200 sec. The highest temperatures of pyrolysis of 5-Fu , cisplatin, MTX are 629℃, 717℃ and 612℃. The mole number of these three drugs present with stability is also showed after 200 sec. 4.According to the molecular weight , gas content is component with CO2, CO, O2, in the gas analysis after pyrolysis of 5-Fu , cisplatin, MTX . An unknown subject which molecular weight is 70 was found in MTX series . More exploration is necessary. In comparison of the temperature of TGA pyrolysis ranging from 200℃-400℃,the temperature of pyrolysis of chemotherapeutic drug is ranging from 200℃-600℃ in the combustion fuel experiment .So, when the chemotherapeutic drug waste is thrown to the 1°incinerator of medical waste incinerators, the combustion and pyrolysis would complete without hazard gas produc
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