南投縣烏溪及濁水溪流域河川水質之時間與空間變異研究; Temporal and spatial variations of water quality of Wu river and Choshui river catchments in Nantou County

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題名:	南投縣烏溪及濁水溪流域河川水質之時間與空間變異研究;Temporal and spatial variations of water quality of Wu river and Choshui river catchments in Nantou County
作者:	洪玉琪;Hong Yu-Chi
貢獻者:	中國醫藥學院環境醫學研究所
關鍵詞:	河川污染程度;水質等級;合格率;時間序列分析;River Pollution Index;Water quality indices;Compliances rates;Time-series and spatial analyses
日期:	1990
上傳時間:	2009-12-03
摘要:	南投縣主要河川流域分屬烏溪及濁水溪兩大流域。由於南投縣境內的人為活動，如觀光、農業上使用大量肥料或農藥以及環保署列管事業單位與畜牧場廢水排入烏溪及濁水溪兩大流域，形成本縣水污染之主要來源。本研究係針對民國89年南投縣轄內主要河川及其支流選定21個地點做為監測站，以便對河川水質定期進行取樣並檢驗。同時蒐集民國86年至民國88年河川水質檢測資料，利用累積分布函數分析縣內兩大流域河川水體符合分類標準之比例及檢測項目之合格率。此外也分析河川水質綜合指標（RPI、WQI5及WQI8）與單一水質指標間的相關性。另外，使用時間序列法及空間分析縣內兩大流域86年至89年間河川水質長期趨勢變化。並探討影響南投縣河川水質綜合指標的相關因素。分析結果發現南投縣境內河川水質尚稱良好。烏溪及濁水溪兩大河川之合格率分別為74.1％及70.3％。在監測站部份，合格率偏低者在烏溪為龍興吊橋(64.2%)及北港溪橋(65.8%)；濁水溪為中莊仔橋(53.9%)及龍神橋(54.4%)。在檢測項目部份，TP及SS合格率偏低，在烏溪為TP(16.3%)SS (37.1%)；濁水溪為TP(13.9%)SS (17.6%)。兩流域之總磷合格率均小於20%，推測與現行制定水體分類標準之基準有關；而以87年的合格率最低，烏溪(65.0%)；濁水溪(58.4%)。時間分析方面，發現水質濃度除SS及濁度在89年較為增加外，其餘皆隨時間有逐年變好的趨勢。空間分析方面，上下游監測站間水質濃度變化並沒有直接的關係，可能是監測站本身的水質特性較相關。綜合二流域之河川水質指標(RPI、WQI5及WQI8)評估水質時，三種指標均有一致的變化趨勢，河川水質指標與各參數之間有很強的相關性。在影響水質因素的分析方面，利用Mixed和GEE Model二種模式分別探討河川水質變化，發現在86年及87年的水質較差；而季節部份，除WQI8指標在春季較好外，其三種指標在夏季均較其他季節差；同時在流域別方面，除WQI8無明顯差異外，RPI及WQI5在烏溪流域的水質較好。將歷年(86年至89年)南投縣兩大河川水質檢測結果繪製成水質變化趨勢圖，大致上每年水質變化結果皆有明顯之差異。但若用去年921集集大地震來區分，則明顯看出水質在89年度以SS與濁度濃度較88年略有惡化之情形。顯示出兩流域之水質情形受自然環境因素及附近環境之水流量或上游沖刷之土石流有密切之關聯性。; The two main rivers in Nantou county (Wu river and Choshui river) have been adversely affected by tourism and agricultural and industrial pollution over recent years. The objective of this study was to investigate the temporal and spatial changes of these two rivers. Twenty-one monitoring stations were used to monitor the quality of the river water in 2000. Water quality data from the two rivers were collected from 1997 to 1999. Compliances with EPA standards were calculated by analyzing distributions of the 22 parameters used to assess water quality. The correlations of individual water quality parameters with water quality indices (RPI, WQI5 and WQI8) were calculated. Time-series and spatial analyses were used to monitor changes in the two rivers from 1997 to 2000. The factors that affected the water quality indices in the two rivers were determined. The results showed that overall water quality was good in both rivers and compliance rates were 74.1% and 70.3% for Wu river and Choshui river, respectively. Among the 21 monitoring stations, compliance rates were lowest in the Wu river at Long-hsin bridge (64.2%) and Pei-kang bridge (64.8%). For Choshui river, compliance rates were lowest at Chung-chuang bridge (53.9%) and Lung-sun bridge (54.4%). Of the 22 water quality parameters, compliance rates were lowest for total phosphate (TP) and suspended solids (SS). In Wu and Choshui rivers, compliance rates for TP were 16.3% and 13.9%, and for SS compliance rates were 37.1% and 17.6%, respectively. The low compliance rate for TP may be due to the strict limits stipulated in the EPA water quality regulations. Compliance rates were compared over time and were found to be lowest in 1998 (65% in Wu river and 58.4% in Choshui river). Except for SS and turbidity, water quality improved over time in both rivers. There were no significant differences between monitoring stations upstream and downstream with regard to the 22 water quality parameters. This may have been due to the low levels of pollutants. There were significant correlations of all ten water quality parameters with the three water quality indices. Mixed model and GEE model were used to determine the factors that affected the water quality indices. Water quality was poorest in 1997 and 1998, compared to 2000, and was worse in summer compared to the other seasons. Using just RPI and WQI5, water quality was better in Wu river compared to Choshui river. From 1997 to 2000, the levels of the 22 water quality parameters fluctuated. Turbidity and SS levels were higher in the Choshui river after the Chi-Chi earthquake, which occurred in September 1999. This indicates that water quality can be affected by natural disasters, particularly when there are landslides and erosion of topsoil in upstream areas.
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