| 摘要: | 菖蒲為常用中藥，始載於神農本草經且列為上品。歷代以降諸家本草如：別錄、陶注、新修、開寶、嘉祐、圖經、證類、重修政和、綱目、圖考及長編等均有著錄。現代藥理研究發現具有降壓、降脂、促消化液分泌、弛緩胃腸平滑肌痙攣等作用。本研究進行本草學考察，以究明菖蒲之歷史演變、地理異同情形；並就其藥用植物學、生藥學、藥理學進行考證。經採集調查，發現臺灣產菖蒲屬（Acorus LINNEAUS）植物如下： 1.水菖蒲Acorus calamus LINNEAUS 2.石菖蒲Acorus gramineus SOLANDER 3.錢菖蒲Acorus gramineus SOLANDER var. pusillus ENGLER 4.金邊菖蒲Acorus gramineus SOLANDER var. flavo-marginatus K.M.LIU 5.茴香菖蒲Acorus macrospadiceus (YAMAMOTO) F.N.WEI et Y.K.LI 本研依植物分類學及生藥組織學之原則，記述原植物與藥部位之外部形態特徵；同時鑑別其內部組織結構之異同，並建立標準生藥組織圖供比對。期能透過本述研究之探討，能有利於植物藥材之鑑定。; Acori Rhizoma was first recorded in Shen-Nung-Pen-Ts’ao-Ching（神農本草經）as Upper Category and in the successive Pen-Ta’ao of descending dynasties such as Pieh-Lu（別錄）,Hsin-Hsiu（新修），Kai-Pao（開寶）,Chia-Yu（嘉祐）,Tu-Ching（圖經）,Cheng-Lei（證類）,Ta-Kwang （大觀）,Ching-Yao（精要）,Kang-Mu（綱目）,Chin-Wu-Ming-Shih-Tu- Kao（植物名實圖考）and Chang-Pen（長編）. Acori Rhizoma，a famous Chinese traditional drugs, has been adopted in a lot of traditional Chinese prescriptions. It is used for amnesia, palpitation, insomnia, tinnitus, chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. It also promoting the secretion of digestive juice, and relaxing the spasm of intestinal smooth muscles. This study started with the textual research of Pent’t sao to clarify historical development. The recent literatures of Acori Rhizoma on pharmeceutical botany, pharmeceutical and pharmacology were also studied to elucidate these utilization of the drugs. Five species belong to Acori genera were found growing in swampy or wet places near creek in Taiwan. They are as follows: 1. Acorus calamus LINNEAUS 2. Acorus gramineus SOLANDER 3. Acorus gramineus SOLANDER var. pusillus ENGLER 4. Acorus grammineus SOLANDER var. flavo-marginatus K.M.LIU 5. Acorus macrospadiceus (YAMAMOTO) F.N.WEI et Y.K.LI The specimens of these five species were compared by their morphology and histological characters such epidermis， parenchyma, vascular bundle,fiber bundle，particle size of crystals were found in Acori Rhizoma. The anatomical structures of the plants were also documented by hand drawing, and photographic methods the results were in plates. |
