| 摘要: | 根據美國NIOSH 最新統計資料，職業病中約有四成是因化學物質危害皮膚，或透過皮膚造成系統性的傷害；因此，防護手套乃成為保護勞工個人安全的最後一道防線。目前對於職業衛生用之有機溶劑防護手套，一般以其破出時間及穩定浸透速率作為評估手套防護效果之參考依據。然而有機溶劑對於防護手套之穩定浸透速率將因手套厚度、材質及化學物質濃度等條件而異，因此則限制浸透測試資料之應用性。 本研究利用實驗測試苯、甲苯、苯乙烯及乙基苯在不同厚度之nitrile聚合物手套中的穩定浸透速率，並以Fick’s Law及質傳理論探討其浸透達到穩定狀態時之擴散係數。根據理論此擴散係數對於同一材質及相同有機溶劑將為常數，且不因有機溶劑濃度及手套厚度而變化；因此可廣泛用以評估聚合物對有機溶劑之防護效果。浸透試驗使用ASTM F739測試腔，以氮氣作為開放式迴路之採集介質，並取樣後直接注入氣相層析儀(GC/FID)分析有機溶劑浸透濃度 。 本研究針對四種厚度(0.21 mm~0.87 mm)之nitrile手套，發現苯、甲苯、苯乙烯及乙基苯之穩定浸透速率分別為258.5~2774、181.3~488、14.8~37.1及9.9~35.9 (ug/cm2/min)；結果顯示穩定浸透速率與手套之厚度及有機溶劑之分子量成反比。經由本研究建立之質傳模式分析浸透實驗數據，得到苯、甲苯、苯乙烯及乙基苯在nitrile手套薄膜之擴散係數(10-6cm2/min)分別為0.735?0.242、0.257?0.088、0.021?0.007與0.020?0.005，其與文獻相關研究結果極為接近。而且本研究之擴散係數模式僅利用浸透達到穩定狀態之實驗數據，其較不易受到分析儀器之靈敏性對遲滯時間所造成之影響，而可簡捷地得到有機溶劑在聚合物之擴散係數。 同時經由複回歸分析建立擴散係數之相關式，其中包括有機溶劑之分子量、黏滯係數及亨利常數，其可以適當地推估文獻資料中有機溶劑在聚合物中之擴散係數。; Workers involved in the production, use, and transportation of liquid chemicals may be exposed to numerous organic solvents capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin irritation and burn, to chronic degenerative disease such cancer. Therefore, gloves are the final lines of protection as organic solvents are handled, spilled, or splashed. The most significant factor for protective effects is permeation. The criterion of permeability for organic solvents through protective gloves will be the breakthrough time and steady-state permeation rates. The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate the permeation of nitrile gloves to protect against benzene, toluene, styrene and ethyl benzene. A model based on the Fick’s Law and mass transfer theory was presented for estimating the diffusion coefficients of organic solvents in polymers. Experimental data were conducted to develop and assess the performance of the model. The ASTM F739 test cell was utilized for permeation experiments and nitrogen was the collection medium flowed through the open-loop system. The concentrations of organic solvents in the collection medium were analyzed by GC/FID. For nitrile gloves with 0.21~0.87 mm four different thickness, the steady state permeation rates of benzene, toluene, styrene, and ethyl benzene were 258.5~2774, 181.3~488, 14.8~37.1, and 9.9~35.9 (ug/cm2/min), respectively. As expected, the steady state permeation rates were inversely proportion to the thickness of gloves and the molecular weights of organic solvents. The diffusion coefficients of benzene, toluene, styrene and ethyl benzene in nitrile estimated by the modeling were 0.735±0.242, 0.257±0.088, 0.021±0.007, and 0.020±0.005 (10-6cm2/min), respectively. As compared with the other models, the model presented in this study could conveniently and accurately estimate the diffusion coefficients of organic solvent in polymers. Further, a correlation of diffusion coefficients was developed using the properties of organic solvents. The diffusion coefficients were found to correlate well with the molecular weight, viscosity and Henry’s law constant of organic solvents. In addition, the correlation was able to appropriately predicate the diffusion coefficients obtained from the published data. |
