| 摘要: | 台灣屬海島地形，北迴歸線（Tropical of Cancer）橫向通過，跨熱帶與亞熱帶，島內二千公尺以上高山有四百多座，最高玉山（Yu Shan）達四千公尺，因而有寒、溫、熱帶的氣溫，與高山、丘陵、平原、海洋等各型的氣侯，所以適合各種環境下生存的植物，故藥用植物資源豐富，素為世界植物學者所公認。台灣島內的植物自1854年英人 R. Fortuma 調查研究以來，經百餘年之歷代植物學者的努力探討，對於藥用植物資源及有效成分等之研究已有豐碩的成果。根據1994~2003年相繼出版由黃增泉主編的第二版台灣植物誌（Flora of Taiwan），共收錄4,339種植物，有4,077種原產於台灣，262種為歸化或重要外來植物，其中有1,067種為台灣特有（endemic plants），未見於世界其他地方。2003年藥用植物學者歐潤芝、陳忠川及陳益昇等著台灣藥用植物資源名錄（The Catalogue of Medicinal Plant Resources in Taiwan）之記載共有2,583種重要的藥用植物。由此可知，台灣本土藥用植物種類甚多，其調查、蒐集、繁衍與保存之研究是現今發展中草藥生物科技及研發新藥，最重要的核心工作。台灣本土藥用植物整體資源之研究，早期雖有甘偉松、謝文全、高木村、歐潤芝、張憲昌、李興進及邱年永等專家學者，從事相關探討也有不錯成果，但隨科技的進步在種原調查及鑑定方面，已發展出新的探索方向，有必要進一步針對台灣本土藥用植物種原進行更深入的調查與鑑定研究來確定其種原之基原，作為大規模生物活性的篩選，找尋具有療效及具開發潛力的植物之正確種原的基礎。本研究將以綱要台灣民間藥用植物誌、台灣植物誌、台灣藥用植物藥材誌、台灣藥用植物誌、台灣地區出產中藥藥材圖鑑、台灣常用藥用植物圖鑑、台灣原住民藥用植物彙編及台灣藥用植物資源名錄為依據，對台灣常用本土藥用植物之種原種類，進行全面性的調查、蒐集及鑑定，除以衛星定位儀（GPS）記載其生長、分佈位置外，並進行傳統植物學的形態鑑別及彙整已鑑定的重要種原之分子生物鑑定結果，建立其鑑別圖譜作為鑑別之依據。本計畫之最終目的，在調查、蒐集及建構台灣常用本土藥用植物種原鑑別相關之資料庫，提供產、官、學研界從事相關研究及探討的參考依據。
The Tropical of Cancer gets across Taiwan island and devides it into tropical and subtropical areas. More than 400 mountains have an elevation above 2,000 meters and the highest is the Yu Shan about 4,000 meters. Including the Cold, Temperate and Tropical temperatures, and the high mountain, hill, plain and sea climates, these are suitable for different environmental plants. The abundant resources of medicinal plants are known to the world botanist. Plants in Taiwan, from 1854 investigates and studied by an English, R. Fortuma, there were a great of results about the plant resources and effective ingredient by the effort of the last botanists in more than one hundred years. According to the Flora of Taiwan, edited by Jhing-Cyuan Huang 1994-2003, second version, it recorded 4,339 species of plants including 4077 local, 262 imported, and 1,067 endemic plants only in Taiwan. The Catalogue of Medicinal Plant Resources in Taiwan(edited by Ren-Jh Ou, Jhong-Chuan Chen and Yi-Sheng Chen in 2003) recorded 2,583 species of important medicinal plants. Therefore, due to the many kind of native medicinal plants in Taiwan, the studies of investigation, collection, propagation and reservation are the most nuclea works for developing the bio-technique of Chinese medicines and researching new drugs. Although the whole resources of native medicinal plants in Taiwan had been studied by Wei-Song Gan , Wen-Chuan Shieh, Mu-Tsun Gau, Ren-Jh Du, Hsien-Chang Chang, Hsing-Chin Lee and Nien-Jung Chiu, and got a good result in relative studies, however, a new approach direction had been developed in the investigation and identification of original species during the progress of scientific technique. So, furthermore investigation and identification for the original species of native medicinal plants in Taiwan are necessary to make sure the germplasm of original species, as mass selection of bio-activities, and to seek the plants which have a effective cure and potential as a data bass of correct original species. The research will base on the Flora of Taiwan, the Medicinal Flora of Taiwan and the catalogue of Medicinal Plant Resources in Taiwan to proceed a whole investigation, collection and identification for the original species of the common native medicinal plants in Taiwan. We also proceeded the traditional botany morphological identification and integrated the identification results of bio-molecular of the important original species, besides using the GPS to record their growth and distribution, to establish the identification diagram as a reference. The last purpose in this study is to investigate, collect and establish a database relative to original species identification of the native medicinal plants in Taiwan providing as a studying related references for producer, officer, scholar and researcher. |
