| 摘要: | 近年來， 農藥的發明大量提昇農產品的產量， 由於農藥在環境中殘存時間長且具有生物濃縮性、致癌性、致突變性與環境荷爾蒙之特性， 因此若使用不當， 可能造成嚴重之生態與環境污染問題， 所以蔬果中農藥之使用量及殘留量逐漸受到重視。現今常見農藥殘留檢測過程中， 溶劑消耗量大、複雜且耗時。因此， 本研究以超音波萃取法提供一簡單、省時且減少溶劑使用量之萃取方式，萃取水果中之農藥殘留。試驗中選用四種農藥分別為二氯松、三氯松、2,4,6-三氯酚與撲克拉溶於丙酮後， 添加於水果樣品中， 並加入5 mL 萃取溶劑(n-hexane: dichlormethane)， 不添加鹽類， 萃取30 分鐘後， 進行吹氮濃縮， 並以GC/ECD 定量分析。結果發現，超音波萃取法有良好之萃取效果， 檢量線線性範圍為21~1010 ng/ml ， 線性相關係數大於0.9977， 偵測極限可達2 pg， 回收率範圍為60~100%。針對目前市售水果進行農藥殘留分析及風險評估， 發現超級市場與傳統市場之樣品殘留量結果， 除二氯松不符合法規標準(不得檢出)，殘留量範圍為1.79×10-7~5.00×10-4 .mu.g/g,三氯松及撲克拉之殘留量範圍為5.36×10-6~7.30×10-5 及3.22×10-7~ 6.93×10-5.mu.g/g， 皆低於法規殘留標準，總風險度分別為1.93×10-8及5.99×10-9，其結果低於可接受風險度。食用本研究中柑橘類水果-柳丁的相對風險度較低。
Due to the invention of pesticides, mass production of agricultural products becomes feasible. However, the half life of some pesticides is very long. In addition, many have the characteristics of bioconcentration, carcinogenic, causing genetic transformation, and environmental hormone. If improperly using these chemicals, they can cause serious ecological and environmental pollution. Therefore, the consumption of pesticides and residues of them in the fruits and vegetables becomes a hot issue in the public. Nowadays, the most commonly seen detection method of pesticide residues uses a large amount of solvent for extraction. In addition, the process is complicated as well as time consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a new method to perform the detection by using ultrasonic extraction. It offers the advantage of simple, less time consuming, and less solvent consumption for extraction of residues of pesticides in the testing fruit. In this study, three different pesticides have been selected, namely dichlorvos, trichlor fon, 2,4,6-trichlorphenol, and prochloraz. The pesticides were first dissolved in ketone solution and then added in the fruit sample. And then, 5 mL of extract solvents (n-hexane: Dichlormethane) without any salt was added for extraction. After 30 minutes of extraction, the extracts were then evaporated to dryness under a stream of N2. Then, use GC/ECD for quantitative analysis of residue of pesticides. The results showed that the performance of ultrasonic extraction is relatively good in terms of recovery efficiency. The linear range is from 21~1010 ng/mL. The linear coefficient correlation is greater than 0.9977. The detector limit can reach 2 pg. The recovery range is from 60~100%. We use the same method to examine the residues of pesticides in the fruit that is sold in the supermarket and traditional market. The health risk is also evaluated. The results indicated that all the residue of pesticides were below the regulation standard except dichlorvos. The amount of dichlorvos in the fruit were in the range of 1.79*10-7~5.00*10-4 .mu.g/g where the regulation standard indicates that it can not be detected in any amount in the fruit. The amount of other two pesticides were 5.36*10-6~7.30*10-5 and 3.22*10-7~ 6.93*10-5 .mu.g/g for trichlorfon and prochloraz, respectively. Their calculated risks were 1.93*10-8 and 5.99*10-9 for supermarket and traditional market, respectively. This study showed that the risk of eating the citrus fruit is relatively low. |
