高濃度廢水自發性高溫好氧處理程序（ATAT）最佳化研究(II)

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Title:	高濃度廢水自發性高溫好氧處理程序（ATAT）最佳化研究(II)
Authors:	江舟峰(Chow-Feng Chiang)
Contributors:	公共衛生學院風險管理學系
Date:	2006-07-31
Issue Date:	2009-09-01 14:53:14 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	自發性高溫好氧處理（ATAT）是指高濃度廢水進行好氧分解時，因反應過程釋放生物熱，而不需外加其他熱能，可將系統溫度維持於45-55 oC。文獻指出ATAT 之優點為過剩污泥極少，反應速率較高。本研究結合可程控呼吸儀及熱監控技術，嘗試自行設計生物熱卡計，於ATAT 程序下，進行比生物潛熱（hb, cal/g BODr）評估，以利工程設計之參考。本設計可分為五大部分：反應槽（2 L），磁力攪拌系統（最大1000 rpm），氧氣測定及供氧系統（最大900 mg/hr）、溫度測棒及補溫系統（最大100 J/s）及電腦數據接受系統（最短時距1 min），本研究並利用熱平衡模式開發生物潛熱演算法，考量三種熱能及熱通量：補熱 (Hc, Jc)，傳導熱損（Ht, Jt）及生物潛熱（Hb, Jb）。本研究著重生物熱卡計的熱預算設計與功能規範訂定。首先進行空白實驗探討反應槽熱傳通量（Jt），再以葡萄糖為基值，於55 ℃馴化高溫菌，再植入呼吸儀反應槽進行生物潛熱測定，操作條件為：容積負荷10.0 g COD/L及污泥齡（SRT）10 天。實驗結果顯示，在8 天試驗中，攝氧曲線呈現典型之外呼吸及內呼吸特徵，平均而言，24 小時後COD 去除率約達90%，傳導熱損（Ht）及熱通量（Jt）分別為 -720 Kcal及-550 cal/min，生物潛熱及通量分為4.2 Kcal 及5.8 cal/min。但由於反應槽絕熱不佳，補溫比（r）高達99.6 %，比潛熱（hb）測定結果為46 Kcal/g，與理論值之3.5 kcal/g 高出甚多。進一步建立熱預算分配模式，以利生物熱卡計之設計，結果顯示?降低補溫至65 %，應提高絕熱效率，並將補熱通量降至10~30 J/s，並提高補熱精確度至1~5 J/s。 The autothermal thermophilic aerobic treatment (ATAT) is a pr.degree.Cess capable of spontaneous reaction at a temperature of 45~55 .degree.C without the addition of external heat. The pr.degree.Cess is attractive because of low excess sludge, comparing with typical activated sludge pr.degree.Cesses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a biological calorimeter, which is crucial to ATAT design and operation. The calorimeter is basically a programmable aerobic respirometer equipped with a heat-controlled system. The calorimeter measures the specific biological heat (hb, in cal/g BODr) of wastewater, which is an important system parameter for the ATAT pr.degree.Cess. The calorimeter consists of five major components: a reaction vessel (2 L), a mixing system (max.1000 rpm), an oxygen supply and control system (max. 900 mg O2/hr), a heat compensation and control system (100 J/s), and a signal pr.degree.Cessing and control system (min. interval 1 min). A heat balance model [dH/dt = dHc/dt + Jt + hb(dOu/dt)] was developed to assist on data analysis. The model considers three types of heat (cal) and flux (cal/min): heat compensation (Hc, Jc), heat transfer via conduction (Ht, Jt), and biological heat (Hb, Jb). The system was first evaluated by blank tests for determination of Jt. A thermophilic reactor was operated for seed culture acclimated on glucose. The seed culture was then transferred to the reaction vessel of the calorimeter for sample tests. The vessel was fed every day with glucose feed st.degree.Ck (10 g COD/L) at an SRT of 10 days. The experimental results show oxygen uptake curves within 8 consecutive days. The curves show a typical pattern of endogenous respiration after 10 hours with a removal of 90 % after 24 hours. The heat transfer (Ht and Jt) was determined to be -720 kcal and -550 cal/min. The biological heat was estimated to be 4.2 kcal and 5.8 cal/min on average. However the compensation heat ratio (r = Hc/Ht) was as high as 99.6 % due to poor insulation. The hb was determined to be 50 kcal/g, much larger than the theoretical value of 3.5 kcal/g for glucose. A heat balance model was then developed to investigate proper design specifications. It was suggested that the reaction vessel must be insulated to reduce compensation heat to Hb/(1-r), or 10.5 kcal (r = 60 %) for reliable measurement. Also a smaller compensation heat flux (such as 10 ~ 30 J/s) with higher precision (1 ~ 5 J/s) should be used for more stable heat control.
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