中部科學園區空氣品質對附近居民之環境暴露及健康風險評估

中國醫藥大學機構典藏 China Medical University Repository, Taiwan > 公共衛生學院 > 公共衛生學系暨碩博班 > 研究計畫 > Item 310903500/10795

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题名:	中部科學園區空氣品質對附近居民之環境暴露及健康風險評估
作者:	郭憲文(Kuo,Hsien-Wen);蔡清讚(Tsai,Ching-Tsan);張大元(Ta-Yuan Chang)
贡献者:	公共衛生學院公共衛生學系
关键词:	中部科學園區;空氣品質監測;居民健康風險評估;Central science park;Health risk assessment;Susceptible population;Health and exposure baseline data
日期:	2006-12-31
上传时间:	2009-09-01 14:51:02 (UTC+8)
摘要:	目的：本研究主要是偵測中部科學工業園區週邊居民暴露空氣污染物揮發性有機物、無機酸及懸浮微粒之濃度，以進行中部科學工業園區週邊居民之整體暴露評估，並評估進一步附近居民之生物偵測與其呼吸道健康之狀況。材料方法：本研究將以中部科學工業園區的四條聯外道路在園區外圍與其他道路之交接點作為揮發性有機物交通來源的採樣點；並且根據ISC- ST3 所模擬出的最大著地點、園區周界、以及周邊臨近社區作為設置環境採樣的參考點，每季進行交通源5點、環境暴露5 點的VOCs 採樣代表民眾的環境暴露。本研究將根據美國EPA 公告的不？袗？筒採樣氣相層析質譜儀偵測之分析方法(TO-14, EPA-600/4-84 -04)，以不？袗？筒(Canister)於在園區外圍進行24 小時之揮發性有機物採樣，並且以氣相層析質譜儀進行定性與定量之分析，新型固氣分離器( personal denuder/filter)對無機酸鹼進行採樣分析，再以Dionex 公司之Model 20 之離子層析儀分析HF、HCl、HNO3、H2SO4及NH3 與懸浮微粒則以MOUDI 微粒衝擊器進行粒徑分佈，微粒中重金屬分析以感應耦合電漿質譜分析法分析，附近社區族群居民選自包括台中市的國安社區甲區、乙區、鄉林社區，及台中縣的秀山村與忠義村老年居民共計有二百九十八位。三所緊鄰於中科園區的國民小學，包括國安國小、位於秀山村之陽明國小及汝鎏國小。所有受測者均以問卷調查呼吸道症狀，社區族群居民同時以攜帶式的Fukuda 型HI-501 肺功能機測量其肺功能與尿中生物指標。初步結果：本研究團隊目前已完成兩季採樣結果的分析。由兩季實際採樣濃度值發現，在中科園區下風處採樣點平均濃度高於上風處採樣點平均濃度，以及與交通排放有關揮發性有機物之甲苯平均濃度為最高，其次為間/對二甲苯及乙苯，與工業排放有關揮發性有機物之乙醇為最高，其次為丙酮及丁酮。從今年三月及六月顯示平均氣體硫酸根之濃度為8.29 μg/m3 及6.45μg/m3，硫酸鹽濃度平均為6.98 μg/m3 及5.52μg/m3，硝酸(HNO3)為0.57ppb 及1.27ppb，硝酸鹽(NO3-)3.16μg/m3 及0.89μg/m3，氫氯酸(HCl) 0.72 ppb 及1.37ppb，氯鹽(Cl-)為0.57μg/m3 及0.83μg/m3，氫氟酸(HF)1.48μg/m3 及1.79μg/m3，氟化物( F-)0.48 μg/m3 及0.50μg/m3，氨氣(NH3) 為13.64 ppb及8.87ppb，銨鹽(NH4+)2.79 μg/m3 及0.97μg/m3 依從去年三月份至今年六月份之長期觀察除氫氟酸有逐漸升高之趨勢，其餘月份之其他監測值皆維持持平之狀況且在檢測值皆遠低於週界濃度管制值。故目前中科無機酸鹼排放無法判定是否對居民有危害的現象。比較兩地區國小學童過去一年曾罹患感冒比例、氣喘盛行率及過去半年曾就醫比例，皆以中科地區學童較高，分別為 89.5%、10.5%、61.3%，且三者在兩地皆呈統計上之差異。中科附近居民呼吸系統症狀及疾病之盛行率，15.1%受訪者中有咳嗽症狀，有 6.2%罹患慢性支氣管炎，喘鳴的盛行率為19.4%， 31.6%有呼吸短促症狀，6.2%有慢性支氣管炎。居民尿中1-OHP 及2-NAP 平均濃度分別為0.058μg/g cre.及3.43μg/g cre.，與國內其他非職業暴露者之濃度十分相近，其中尿中2-NAP 濃度在高濃度組與低濃度組的勝算比，在居住距離中科較近的民眾比較遠者高出19.44 倍，有統計上的顯著性差異(p<0.01)。II結論：本研究將繼續偵測VOCs、無機酸及懸浮微粒之濃度，以協助環保署建立中部科學園區週邊交通道路長期監測之最適固定監測點，並完成週邊居民空氣污染物揮發性有機物與無機酸及懸浮微粒之暴露與健康評估。 Objective: To investigate the air pollutants (volatile organic chemical, acid aerosol and particulate) and to conduct the health risk assessment of residents in the vicinity of Central Science Park. Methods: Sampling points of air pollutants were based on the traffic condition and community in the around park. Predicted maximum pollutants from various points were simulated using ISC-ST3 model. VOCs and acid aerosols were respectively collected by canister and personal denuder/filter and then analyzed using GC/MS (TO-14, EPA-600/4-84 -04) and ion chromatography (Dionex Model 20). Particulates were collected using MOUDI impactor and heavy metals in particles were analyzed using ICP/MS. 298 residents in four communities and three elementary schools were enrolled from vicinity of Central Science Park. All participants in residents were assessed the respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function tests (Fukuda, HI-501). Urinary Biomarkers of I-OHP and 2-NAP in residents were measured by HPLC-Flu Results: VOCs levels in downwind were significantly higher than upwind in different seasons. Toluene level was the highest and followed by o/p xylene from mobile sources but was found IPA levels was the highest and followed by acetone and ketone in industrial sources. In acid aerosols was found 8.29 .mu.g/m3 and 6.45.mu.g/m3 in sulfate ion, 6.98 .mu.g/m3, 5.52.mu.g/m3 for sulfate salt, 0.57ppb and 1.27ppb for HNO3, 3.16.mu.g/m3 and 0.89.mu.g/m3 for NO3 -, 0.72 ppb and 1.37ppb for HCl), 0.57.mu.g/m3 and 0.83.mu.g/m3 for Cl-, 1.48.mu.g/m3 and 1.79.mu.g/m3 for HF, 0.48 .mu.g/m3 and 0.50.mu.g/m3 for F-, 13.64 ppb and 8.87ppb for NH3, 2.79 .mu.g/m3 and 0.97.mu.g/m3 for NH4 + . HF levels had a increase trend during this period, however, in the levels of all acid aerosols is lower regulation limits.. In elementary schoolchildren, the prevalence rates of common cold in previous one year, asthma and medicine taking were 89.5%、10.5% and 61.3%, respectively, and found significantly higher than in the control area. Symptoms of Residents in vicinity of Central Science Park were 15.1% for cough, IV 6.2% for chronic bronchitis, wheeze for 19.4%, dyspnea for 31.6%. Urinary 1-OHP and 2-NAP levels in residents were found to be 0.058.mu.g/g cre. and 3.43.mu.g/g cre., which is similar with nonoccupation population from previous study. There is high likelihood of having 2-NAP levels in living area of nearby park compare to the living area of outside area (p<0.01). Conclusion; Our findings will take a reference for assessing levels of the air pollutants and further understand the relationship between exposure of air pollutants and health risk assessment among residents in vicinity of Central Science Park.
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